Computers Are Your Future

Twelfth Edition
Chapter 6: The Internet and the World Wide Web

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What Is the Internet and How Does
It Work?
• Internet
o Global system of computers of thousands of privately and
publicly owned computers and networks
o Also known as the Net
o Started in the 1960s
o U.S. Department of Defense project
• ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
• Purpose was to
o Create a form of secure communication for military and
scientific purposes
o Create a method for transferring such communication between
computers

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What Is the Internet and How Does
It Work?
• Internet—composed of
more than 750 million
hosts
• Host—computer that
has two-way access to
other computers:
o Receives requests
o Replies to those requests

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 What Is the Internet and How
Does It Work?
• Volunteers maintain the Internet networks.
• Private and public groups provide the equipment.
• Network service providers (NSPs)
o Maintain the Internet backbone—the main high-speed
routes

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What Is the Internet and How
Does It Work?

5
What Is the Internet and How Does
It Work?

• Network access points (NAPs)

o NAPs allow data to start on one network then cross over to
another network

• Routers
o Specialized devices that connect networks, locate the best
path of transmission, and ensure that data reaches its
destination

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What Is the Internet and How Does
It Work?
• Interoperability
o Ability to work with different brands and models of
computers
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP)
o Provides methods for packaging and transmitting
information

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 Accessing the Internet:
Going Online
• Internet service providers (ISPs)
o Supply and sustain user connections to the Internet
o Maintain the hardware and software
o Protect their sites and networks from outside threats

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 Accessing the Internet:
Going Online
• Wireless Internet service provider
o Company that provides wireless Internet access
o Examples: AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon Wireless

• Hot spot
o Public location that provides Internet access for wireless devices
o Examples: airport, college campus, or coffee shop

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 Accessing the Internet:
Going Online
• Methods to access the Internet
o Dial-up access—uses modem and telephone line
o Digital subscriber line (DSL)—high-speed online connection—
external modem with telephone lines
o Cable access—high-speed Internet connection—cable modem
not a phone line
o Satellite—high-speed Internet service with antenna and dish
connected to indoor receive unit (IRU) and indoor transmit unit
(IRU)
o Fiber-optic service—high-speed Internet—fiber-optic lines
direct

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The Internet and the Web: What’s
the Difference?
• World Wide Web (also known as the Web
or WWW)
o Contains billions of documents
o Part of the Internet
o Uses the Internet to transport information
o Separate entity from the Internet
o No one owns the Web
o Standards and guidelines for the Web are published by the World Wide
Web Consortium (W3C)

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The Internet and the Web: What’s
the Difference?
• Web page
o Document that may include text, graphics, sound, animation, and video

• Web browser
o Program that displays Web pages and linked items

• Web site
o Collection of Web pages
• Typically contains a home page (also called an index page)—
default page displayed when you enter a site

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The Internet and the Web: What’s
the Difference?
• The most popular Web browsers

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The Internet and the Web: What’s
the Difference?
• Plug-ins
o Additional software programs to extend the ability of the browser
o Examples:
• Acrobat Reader
• Adobe Flash Player
• Adobe Shockwave Player
• Apple QuickTime
• Real Player
• Windows Media Player
• Browser cache
o Stores Web page files and graphics on a computer hard drive when the
user visits a site for the first time

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The Internet and the Web: What’s
the Difference?

• Web servers
o Web sites and their associated information are stored here
o Used to recognize information requests, process the requests,
and send the requested documents

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 Finding Information
on the Web
• Internet Protocol (IP) address
o Every device connected to the Internet, including PCs and
servers, is given a unique network identifier
o Numerical identification and logical address
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
o Identifies Internet resource’s type and location

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 Finding Information
on the Web

• Complete URL is made up of the Hypertext

Transfer Protocol (HTTP), domain name,
path, and resource name.

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 Finding Information
on the Web
• Surfing the Web
o Type a URL into the address bar
o Click a tab in the browser window
o Click a hyperlink

• History list
o Compiles a list of the Web pages visited

• Favorites or Bookmarks feature

o Allows Web pages visited often to be marked

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 Finding Information
on the Web

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 Finding Information
on the Web
• Downloading
o Process of transferring a file or document from one computer to
user’s computer

• Uploading
o Process of transferring a file or document from user’s computer to
another computer

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 Finding Information
on the Web

• Wiki (short for the Hawaiian word for

“fast”)
o Simple Web page where any visitor can post text or images,
change posted information, and track earlier changes

• Blog (short for Weblog)

o Internet equivalent of a journal or diary where bloggers post
opinions, thoughts, and interesting links

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 Finding Information
on the Web
• Subject guide
o Web pages grouped under specific headings—offered by some
search sites

• Portal
o Web page that acts as a gateway to diverse sources and presents
them in an organized way

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 Using Information
from the Web
• Evaluate information obtained from the
Web:
o Who is author?
o Does the author reference sources?
o Who is the Web page affiliated with? Who pays for it?
o Is the language objective/dispassionate or
strident/argumentative?
o What is the purpose of the page?
o Does the information appear to be accurate?
o Is the page current?

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 Using Information
from the Web

• Use Web information for schoolwork.

o Access authoritative online sources.
o Locate published works.
o Provide appropriate online and offline reference citations in your
work.

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 Exploring Internet
Services

• Electronic mail (e-mail)

o Type of application software that makes sending and
receiving messages through computer networks possible

• E-mail attachment
o Computer file included with an e-mail message

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 Exploring Internet
Services
• E-mail address
o Unique cyberspace address for each individual
o Consists of a user name, the name of the hosting e-mail
service, and the top-level domain

• Spam
o Unsolicited e-mails, usually from advertisers
o Do not open spam

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 Exploring Internet
Services
• Malware
o Malicious software that places a computer in the spammer’s
control
• Spyware
o Gathers data from a system without knowledge

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 Exploring Internet
Services
• .

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 Exploring Internet
Services
• Instant messaging (IM) systems
o Allow immediate, real-time communication with contacts
• Requires additional software
• Notifies users when a contact is connected to the Internet

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 Exploring Internet
Services

• Electronic mailing lists

o Similar to newsgroups and forums, except that:
• Only subscribers can receive and view messages.
• Messages posted to the mailing list are automatically
sent to everyone on the list.
o Majordomo is a common freeware electronic mailing list
manager.

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 Exploring Internet
Services
• VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
o Users can speak to others over a broadband Internet connection
instead of an analog phone line
o Requires a broadband Internet connection
o A VoIP service provider such as Skype
o A VoIP adapter or computer with supporting software
o Calls are usually free to others using the same service.

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 E-Commerce
• E-commerce
o Conducting business through the use of networks or the Internet
• E-tailers (Web-based retailers)
o Online merchants
• Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce
o Refers to a business providing supplies to other businesses via the
Internet

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 E-Commerce

• Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce

o Refers to the exchange of business between individuals
o Example: eBay
• Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce
o Refers to shopping online rather than at a physical store

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 E-Commerce

• Online shopping
o Shop for good deals
o Use shopping portals to compare prices and products
• Example: PriceGrabber.com
o Look for coupons and rebates

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 E-Commerce
• Building your own
business
o Only needs a low capital
investment
o Requires an ISP, a Web site,
and the ability to ship
purchases

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 E-Commerce
• Other growth areas
o Travel reservations
o Banking
o Online stock trading
o Nonretail services, such as health, news, and dating services

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 Safe Surfing
• Guidelines for safe surfing
o Never give out identifying information.
o Never respond to suggestive messages.
o Never open e-mail from an unknown source.
o Never allow a child to make arrangements for a face-to-face
meeting alone.
o Remember individuals online may not be who they claim to
be.
o Set reasonable rules and guidelines for computer use by
children.
o Make using the computer a family activity.

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 Safe Surfing
• Additional online hazards to avoid:
o Malware
o Identity theft
o Threats to you and your family

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 Safe Surfing
• Protecting your identity
o Avoid shoulder-surfers, people who stand close enough to see PIN
numbers
o Look for secure Web site features before entering information.
• https:// in the address instead of http://
• Site seal provided by a security vendor such as VeriSign
• Logo from other site-security entities, such as Verified by Visa
• Message box that identifies you are entering or leaving a
secure site

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