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GIS Lecture6 Geoprocessing

This document provides an overview of geoprocessing tools and techniques in GIS. It discusses selecting features using attributes and location, analyzing spatial relationships through proximity analysis, and manipulating data through geoprocessing tools like clip, dissolve, append, merge, union, and intersect. The document also introduces model builder as a way to automate geoprocessing workflows by stringing tools together into visual models. Models allow grouping tools and setting parameters to perform multi-step processes like joining data, dissolving features, and removing joins.

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95 views88 pages

GIS Lecture6 Geoprocessing

This document provides an overview of geoprocessing tools and techniques in GIS. It discusses selecting features using attributes and location, analyzing spatial relationships through proximity analysis, and manipulating data through geoprocessing tools like clip, dissolve, append, merge, union, and intersect. The document also introduces model builder as a way to automate geoprocessing workflows by stringing tools together into visual models. Models allow grouping tools and setting parameters to perform multi-step processes like joining data, dissolving features, and removing joins.

Uploaded by

GIS Consultant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geoprocessing

Lecture 6
Model of the course
Using and
making maps
Navigating Map
GIS maps design

Interactive Map
Working with maps layouts Analyzing
spatial data Spatial data
Map
Animations
Spatial data Proximity
infrastructure analysis

Spatial Raster Data


Geoprocessing File
analysis analysis mining
geodatabases

3D GIS Network
Digitizing Geocoding analysis
Select by Attribute for
Feature Extraction
Start with tracts for entire USA
Want tracts for one county
Hennepin County, MN
County FIPS Code 27053
Select by attributes query
Export selected features
New layer for Hennepin tracts
Proximity Selections
Scenario

Have Hennepin County census tracts but want City of


Minneapolis only
• Can’t use Select By Attributes
• No attribute for Minneapolis
Select By Location
Select by location

Powerful functions unique to GIS


Identify spatial relationships between layers
Finds features that are within another layer
Scenario
Use County Subdivisions
•Minneapolis is a municipality within Hennepin
County
Select Minneapolis
Use Select by Location
Export selected features
More Location Proximities
Points near polygons
Selected features data
Points near points
Selected features data
•72/455 Schools (15.83%)
Polygons intersecting lines

23
Lines intersecting polygons

24
Polygons intersecting polygons

25
Polygons completely contained

26
Geoprocessing Tools
Geoprocessing overview

GIS operations to manipulate data


Typically take input datasets, manipulate, and
produce output datasets
Often use multiple datasets
Common geoprocessing tools

Analysis
•Extract – clip
•Overlay – intersect and union
Data management
•Generalization - dissolve
General
•Append
•Merge
Accessing Tools
Geoprocessing menu
ArcToolbox
Search tool

33
Catalog

34
Clip
Cookie cutter concept
Central business
district outline is
“cookie cutter”

Topography is
“cookie dough”
Clipping tips
Buildings can
cross boundaries
and clipping can
be misleading

Use select by
location instead
Cliping tips
Streets can cross
boundaries and
clipping can
cause geocoding
issues

Use select by
location instead
Dissolve
Dissolve

Combines adjacent polygons to create new, larger


polygons
Uses common field value to remove interior lines
within each polygon, forming the new polygons
Aggregate (sums) data while dissolving
Dissolve example
Dissolve example
Dissolve field and statistics
Dissolve results
Dissolve results
Append
Append

Appends one or more datasets into an existing dataset


•Features must be of the same type
•Input datasets may overlap one another and/or the target
dataset
Append example
Append data sets
Append options
TEST option: field definitions of the feature classes must be
the same and in the same order for all appended features
NO TEST option: Input features schemas do not have to
match the target feature classes's
schema
Resultant layer and table
Merge
Merge
Combines multiple input datasets of the same data type into a
single, new output dataset
Merge example – voting districts
Merge data sets
Resultant layer
Union
Union
Overlays two polygon layers
•Resulting output layer has combined attribute data of the
two inputs
•Contains all the polygons from the inputs, whether or not
they overlap
Neighborhood and ZIP Codes
Neighborhood and ZIP Codes
Neighborhood and ZIP Codes
Features and tables different
Union data sets
Union result
Union result – CBD 15219
Union result – CBD 15222
Union result – Strip 15222
Intersect
Intersect

Computes a geometric intersection of the Input


Features
Features (or portions of features which overlap in all
layers and/or feature classes) will be written to the
Output Feature Class
Inputs can have different geometry types
Intersect example
Intersect
Intersect result

72
Model Builder
ModelBuilder overview
•Application you use to create, edit,
and manage models.
•Models are workflows that string
together sequences of
geoprocessing tools, feeding the
output of one tool into another tool
as input. Tools become functions.
•Visual programming language for
building workflows.
ModelBuilder example
You have census tracts for a county
and want to create neighborhood
outlines for a city.

Some steps are needed to create


neighborhoods
•Join a crosswalk table to the tracts map layer
•Dissolve tracts to create neighborhoods using
the dissolve column in the crosswalk
•Remove the join so that the model can be
rerun if necessary
Inputs – tracts and mcds
Interim crosswalk table needed
Neighborhood names are
not included with the
census tracts, so a
crosswalk table was
created with the name of
neighborhood for each
census tract

Some neighborhoods are


made of multiple tracts
Output – City neighborhoods
Model steps
1. Add join (crosswalk table)
2. Dissolve (tracts to create neighborhoods)
3. Remove join (allows model to be rerun)

Some elements in a model require user input


parameters.
Finished model
Starting model
New toolbox
New model
Drag tool to model

From ArcToolbox
•To join crosswalk table to tracts
Set parameter for join
Joins crosswalk table to census tracts
Run partial model
Finish the model
Add parameters for input
Add Dissolve and Remove Join tools
Rename model elements
Editing models
In Catalog, right-click and choose Edit

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