Scribd
Upload
52 views33 pages

Lecture 1 Laplace Transform

This document outlines topics from a lecture on modeling and simulation for engineering systems, including: - Introduction to control systems and mathematical models of systems. - Laplace transformation and inverse Laplace transformation, including the partial-fraction expansion method. - Review of Laplace transforms and how to find the inverse using residues. - Discussion of transfer functions for linear time-invariant systems using differential equations. - Overview of solving linear time-invariant differential equations and mathematical modeling of dynamic systems.

Uploaded by

CICZ 196178
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views33 pages

Lecture 1 Laplace Transform

This document outlines topics from a lecture on modeling and simulation for engineering systems, including: - Introduction to control systems and mathematical models of systems. - Laplace transformation and inverse Laplace transformation, including the partial-fraction expansion method. - Review of Laplace transforms and how to find the inverse using residues. - Discussion of transfer functions for linear time-invariant systems using differential equations. - Overview of solving linear time-invariant differential equations and mathematical modeling of dynamic systems.

Uploaded by

CICZ 196178
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

ELC 251

Modeling & Simulation for


Engineering Systems

LECTURE 1

DR. NARIMAN A. SALAM


INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS
MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF SYSTEMS
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS– A REVIEW
Partial-Fraction Expansion Method for Finding
Inverse Laplace Transforms

Partial-Fraction Expansion when F(s) Partial-Fraction Expansion when F(s)


Partial-Fraction Expansion
Involves Distinct when F(s)
Poles Only. Partial-Fraction Expansion
Involves Multiple when F(s)
Poles
Involves Distinct Poles Only. Involves Multiple Poles

B(s) ( s  z1 )( s  z 2 )...( s  zm )
F (s)  K
A( s ) ( s  p1 )( s  p2 )...( s  pn )

where p1, p2, . . . , pn and z1, z2,. . . , zm are either real or complex quantities

for each complex pi or zi, there will occur the complex conjugate of pi or zi,
respectively
15
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS– A REVIEW
Partial-Fraction Expansion when F(s) Involves Distinct Poles Only.
Partial-Fraction Expansion when F(s) Involves Distinct Poles Only.

B(s) ( s  z1 )( s  z 2 )...( s  zm )
F ( s)  K
A( s ) ( s  p1 )( s  p2 )...( s  pn )

B(s) a1 a2 ak an
F (s)     ...   ...
A( s ) ( s  p1 ) ( s  p2 ) ( s  pk ) ( s  pn )

The coefficient ak is called the residue at the pole at s = -pk. The value of ak can be found
by multiplying both sides by ( s + pk) and letting s = -pk, which give

16
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS– A REVIEW
Partial-Fraction Expansion when F(s) Involves Multiple Poles
Partial-Fraction Expansion when F(s) Involves Multiple Poles
Example : A( s ) c1 c2 ck 1 ck
F (s)     ...  
( s  p) k s  p  s  p  2  s  p  k 1  s  p  k
k  c1 c2 ck 
 s  p  F (s)   s  p  
k
  ...  k 
 s  p  s p  2
 s p  
 c1  s  p   c2  s  p   ...ck 1  s  p   ck
k 1 k 2

d
ds
  
 s  p  k F (s)  d c1  s  p  k 1  c2  s  p  k 2  ...ck 1  s  p   ck
ds

 (k  1)c1  s  p   (k  2)c2  s  p   ...  2ck  2  s  p   ck 1
k 2 k 3

d2
ds 2
s  p  3
F ( s ) 
 ( k  2 )( k  1 ) c1  s  p  k 3
 ( k  3 )( k  2) c 2  s  p  k 4
 ...  2ck  2
d3
ds 3
 s  p  3
F ( s ) ( k  3)( k  2 )( k  1 ) c1  s  p  k 4

(k  4)(k  3)(k  2)c2  s  p   ...  3  2ck 3


k 5
17
LAPLACE TRANSFORM– A REVIEW
 s  1 k F ( s) s  p  ck
d
ds

 s  p  k F ( s)   ck 1
s  p

d2
ds 2

 s  p  k
F ( s)   2ck  2 
1 d2
2! ds 2
s  p  k
F ( s)   ck  2
s  p s  p

d3
ds 3

 s  p  k
F (s)   3  2c k  3 
1 d3
3! ds 3
s  p  k
F (s)   ck  3
s p s  p

18
TRANSFER FUNCTION
 The transfer function of a linear systems
 Let us begin by writing a general nth-order, linear, time-invariant
differential equation,

 where c(t) is the output, r(t) is the input,

19
SOLVING LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS

You might also like