CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
MEMBERS:
COLINE MIRAVITE JOHN LOYD BRETAÑa
JEROM DECULANO Jessica mae lalo
GERALD nuez
Why Computers are Powerful
 They work with remarkable speed,
reliability, consistency, and accuracy.
 Can store large amount of data and
information.
 Allowusers to communicate with other
users or computers.
Speed
 In the system unit, operations get done
through electronic circuits. When data,
instructions, and information drift along
this circuits, they travel at incredibly fast
speeds. Most computers bring out billions of
operations in a single second.
Reliability and consistency
 Theelectronic components in modern
computers are dependable because they
have low failure rate. The high reliability of
components enables the computer to
produce consistent results.
Accuracy

 Computers process a large amounts of data

and generate error-free results, provided
the data is inputted correctly and the
instructions work properly. If data is
inaccurate, the resulting output is also
incorrect.
Communication
 Happens between two or more people
sending and receiving messages from one
another.
 Theone sending the message is the sender
while the one receiving the information is
the receiver.
Classifying computers

As technology advances, these

classifications tend to overlap as
modern computers have become smaller
and relatively cheaper.
The general classifications of computers are
as follows:
 Personal
computer – is a small, single-user
computer based on a microprocessor.
- has a keyboard for
entering data, a monitor for displaying
information, and a storage device for saving
data.
Personal computer
Workstation computer - is a powerful,
single-user computer. A workstation is like a
personal computer, but it has a more
powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality
monitor.
Minicomputer – is a multi-user computer
capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of
users simultaneously.
Mainframe – is a powerful multi-user
computer capable of supporting hundreds or
thousands of user simultaneously.
Supercomputer – is an extremely fast
computer that can perform millions of
instructions per second.
To compare, a computer with an Intel
Core i3 processor, has only two cores for
running its programs and applications.
Core i3 and i7 models usually have only
four cores. Core i7 extreme processors
can have six to eight cores.
Computers are also categorized into several
types due to the introduction of mobile devices
and the proliferation of internet-capable
devices.

1. Desktop computer – are computers designed

to be placed on a desk, and are normally made
up of a few different parts, including the
computer case, central processing unit (CPU),
monitor, keyboard and mouse.
Laptop computers – are battery-powered
computer devices whose portability makes
them possible to use almost anytime,
anywhere.
Tablet computers – are hand-held computers
with touch-sensitive screen for typing and
navigation.
 Smartphones – are hand-held teephones
which can do things that computers can do,
including browsing and searching the
internet and even playing console games.
Wearables – include fitness trackers and
smart watches that can be worn throughout
the day.
 Smart TVs – are the latest television sets
that include applications present in
computer. The TV can also be used as
computer monitor and gaming monitor.
Digital Age, Information Age, and Computer
Age
It is a period in human
history characterized by the shift from
traditional industry to information
technology-based economy brought by
industrialization during the Industrial
Revolution.
Media in the Digital Age

Media normally refers to the

means of communication that use unique
tools to interconnect among people. In the
digital age, however, media can be
considered as the message, the medium, and
the messenger.
The Message

Media is considered to be the

message itself for those who create and own
rights of content. The forms of content can
be user-generated or professionaly-produced.
User generated content (UGC) is a form of
content created and owned by the user of a
system.
 Blog

Keeping a diary or a journal is a

traditional method of recording one's thoughts or
expressing one's emotions through writing with the
advent of the internet, expressing one's feelings and
thoughts was given a new concept through online
writing or blogging.
 A blog is a combination of two words
web and blog. A person who writes blogs
is called a blogger.
The Medium
The medium used refers to the tool or
tools used in sending a message from the source to
the destination. Traditionally, for example,
professionals send messages to the audience, such
as a news anchor delivering the news on TV and/or
radio.
The Messager

The messager is the one who delivers

the message. This is why broadcast, for
example, being the messager of news are
called "media."
Evolution of Media
The media has transformed itself
based on two things (1) how information is
presented; and (2) how the connection is
established. It was 1436 when Johannes
Gutenberg started working on a printing
press which used relief printing and a
molding system.
Now, modern printing press delivers messages in
print such as newspaper, textbooks and magazines.
In the 1800s, the telegraph was developed
followed by the telephone which made the
two-way communication possible message
sending and receiving can now be done both
ways simultaneously.
Telegram in 1800s 1902 French Film Le Voyage
dans le lune (A trip to the Moon)
 At the beginning of the 1900s,
broadcasting and recorded media were
introduced. Radio and television were used to
send sound and video to homes and offices
through electromagnetic spectrum or radio waves.

Audio (Lower frequency band) or video

(higher frequency band) content can be received
depending on the frequency used.
 Later on, a combination of both audio
and video information made the audience’s
viewing experience more exciting.

As communication devices also

evolved and became pervasive, so did
information distribution.
 In line with this development, the
audience regardless of their professions can now
interact with one another and are no longer
disconnected. News sites can even get news
stories for example from twitter or other social
media sites.
Overview of Current Trends

A trend refers to something hip or

popular at a certain point in a time. When it
comes to technology trends, it tends to
change as time goes by.
IoT and smart home technology

The so-called Internet of Things (IoT) has

been trending since 2016. The vision of IoT has
evolved due to the convergence of multiple
technologies, including pervasive wireless
communication, data analytics, machine learning,
and use of hardware technology such as sensors,
microprocessors, and microcontrollers.
Augmented reality and virtual reality

In 2016, the release of games such as

Pokémon Go and the anticipated VR headset,
Oculus Rift, served as a turning point for AR
and VR technology.
Machine learning

Also called artificial intelligence,

having machines decide for you seems to be a
daunting task and would probably make you
think of robots and talking computers, similar
to Iron Man's Jarvis. Its latest features include
the following:
Face ID
The owner's face is the new password. It is a
more secure way to unlock the phone and keep the
data safe.

A11 Bionic
A11 Bionic is claimed to be the "most powerful and
smartest chip ever in a smartphone," with a neural
engine capable of up to 600 billion operations per
second.
Wireless charging
A cable is not needed to charge the device.

iOS 11
In its latest operating system, one can scan
documents in the notes app, edit live photos, and in
the U.S., even pay friends in messages. Siri can
also translate languages.
Augmented reality
AR is not just designed for fun. It is also
meant for productivity and efficiency. It allows one
to navigate without looking at a map, visualize
industrial equipment, and many others .
4. Automation
Through advanced technology, it is now possible to
automate previously human-exclusive tasks.
5. Big Data
Big data is a term that desrives large and complex
volumes of data. But it is not how much data an
organization has it is what they do with it that
matters.

6. Physical-digital integrations
Majority of organizations nowadays are moving
towards system automation.
As such, they identify their physical
elements and create digital data for more
efficient operation and back-up.
7. Everything on demand
Due to the prevalence of network
connectivity, it is possible to have information on
demand, Music, Movies, and even drivers (e.g.,
Grab) are made available through the apps in a
smartphone.
Impact of ICT on Individuals, Organizations,
and Society
ICT brings both positive and negative effects to
individuals, organizations, and society. It improves
education, access to information, and security.
However, it limits personal interaction.
Positive Effects
Improved access to education
There are new ways of learning such as the use of
learning management system (LMS) which implements
educational enhancements such as distance learning and
online tutorial, virtual reality, and interactive multimedia.
Access to information and communication
The internet is widely used in communication.
Access to it is getting better as it has become available in almost all
places such as commercial establishments and public spaces.
Security

With the advancement that ICT bring,

individuals and organizations can solve any
security problems.
Negative effects
Reduced personal interaction and physical
activity
Because of virtual communication,
ironically, people are less likely to talk to or meet
each other in person. Physical activity is reduced
leading to health issues such as obesity and heart
disease.
Job loss or increase in unemployment
- Multiple workers being replaced and reduced by a
smaller number of employees capable of doing the
same volume of tasks.
- Shipping or freight services in which a certain
amount is added to the operating costs for the
physical process of transporting commodities or
goods.
- Automaton through robots or machines replacing
people in the assembly line.
Security

ICT brings not only improvement but also threat to

security. Data or files must always be kept secure
and safe. The internet connection must always be
safeguarded from different attacks such as data
modification, identity/IP address spoofing,
password-based attacks, denial-of-service, etc.
Ethical Issues in ICT
1.Plagiarism
it is an act of theft in which a person copes another
person's ideas, words, or writings, etc. and pass
them off as his or her own.

2. Exploitation
It is an action in which one deals with a person
dishonestly, unethically, and dishonorably, in order
to take advantage of the latter's works and /or
resources.
3.Libel
It can either be an insult, slur, or slander, either
written or spoken or even through actions, it may
lead to libel if the accusation is not true and
without any piece of evidence.

Software Piracy
It refers to an act of installing or copying a
software into the computer in the absence of an
end-user licensing agreement (EULA), and/or
producing a copy disregarding the copyright.