IT ELEC1
Midterm Discussion 1
Conditions are statements that are created by the programmer
which evaluates actions in the program and evaluates if it's true
or false.
Kinds of conditions in a program are:
Simple Condition
Compound Condition
Complex Condition
Simple condition is a kind of condition that uses only one
Conditions comparison or logical operator.
Compound condition is a kind of condition that is composed of
two simple conditions compared to each other using a logical
operator.
Complex condition is a kind of condition that is composed of
more than two simple conditions compared to each other using
logical operators.
Any algorithm or program can be more clear and understood if
they use self-contained modules called control structures.
Control Structures are just a way to specify flow of control in
programs.
The term flow of control means details the direction that the
Control program takes.
Structures Control structures are blocks of programming codes that
analyses variables and chooses a direction in which to go based
on given parameters or conditions.
Control structures are specific commands in programming
languages which are used to control the logical flow of the
program during its execution.
Types of Control Structures:
Sequence Structure
Selection Structure
Repetition Structure
In a sequence structure, an action, or event, leads to the next
ordered action in a predetermined order.
Control The sequence can contain any number of actions, but no actions
Structures can be skipped in the sequence.
continue… The program, when run, must perform each action in order with
no possibility of skipping an action.
The selection structure allows one set of statements to be
executed if a condition is true and another set of statements to
be executed if a condition is false.
Selection structure involves a statement or group of statements
which is executed based on the result of a condition.
Control After either the true set of statements or the false set of
Structures statements are taken, program control resumes with the next
statement following the selection structure.
continue… Selection structures in PHP:
if Statement
if…else Statement
if…elseif…else Statement
switch Statement
A repetition structure is used when a program needs to
repeatedly process one or more statements until some condition
is met at which time the loop ends.
The decision whether to repeat the statement is based on the
evaluation of a Boolean expression.
Control A Boolean expression is a logical statement that the result is
either TRUE or FALSE.
Structures Boolean expressions can compare data of any type as long as
continue… both parts of the expression have the same basic data type.
Repetition structures in PHP:
while Loop
do…while Loop
for Loop
foreach Loop
The if statement executes some code if one condition is true.
Syntax:
if (condition) {
code to be executed if condition is true;
if Statement in }
PHP Example:
<? php
if ( age > 59 ) {
echo “You are a Senior Citizen.”;
}
?>
The if...else statement executes some code if a condition is true and
another code if that condition is false.
Syntax:
if (condition) {
code to be executed if condition is true;
} else {
if…else }
code to be executed if condition is false;
Statement in Example:
PHP <? php
if ( age > 59 ) {
echo “You are a Senior Citizen.”;
} else {
echo “You are not a Senior Citizen.”;
}
?>
The if...elseif...else statement executes different codes for more than two
conditions.
Syntax:
if (condition1) {
code to be executed if condition1 is true;
} elseif (condition2) {
code to be executed if condition2 is true;
}
…
if…elseif… } else {
code to be executed if all conditions are not tue;
else Statement }
in PHP Example:
<? php
if ( age > 59 ) {
echo “You are a Senior Citizen.”;
} elseif (age < 59) && (age > 17) {
echo “You are an Adult Citizen.”;
} else {
echo “You are a Minor Citizen.”;
}
?>
The switch statement is used to perform different actions based on
different conditions.
Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks of code to be
executed.
Syntax:
switch (n) {
case label1:
switch code to be executed if n=label1;
break;
Statement in case label2:
code to be executed if n=label2;
PHP break;
case label3:
code to be executed if n=label3;
break;
...
default:
code to be executed if n is different from all
labels;
}
Example:
switch (year_level) {
case 1:
echo “You are a first year student.”;
break;
case 2:
echo “You are a second year student.”;
break;
switch case 3:
echo “You are a third year student.”;;
Statement in case 4:
break;
PHP echo “You are a fourth year student.”;
break;
case 5:
echo “You are a fifth year student.”;
break;
default:
echo “Your year level is unknown.”;
}
Problem:
Write a PHP script that shows, if num1 is not equal to 0 then compute
the power of num1 raised to fifth exponent. It will also display the
Exercise 1 value of num1 and power using separate echo statements.
Write your answer on your notebook and compare it during next
discussion.
<?php
if ( $num1 <> 0 ) {
Answer: $power = $num1 ** 5;
echo “Value of num1 is ” . $num1 . “.<br>”;
Exercise 1 }
echo “num1 raised to the fifth exponent is ” . $power;
?>
Problem:
Write a PHP script that shows, if employee_status is greater than 2
then it will assign 10,000 to bonus and display it using echo
statement. Otherwise, it will assign 5,000 to bonus and display it using
Exercise 2 echo statement.
Write your answer on your notebook and compare it during next
discussion.
<?ph
if ($employee_status > 2) {
$bonus = 10000;
Answer: } else {
echo “Bonus is ” . $bonus . “<br>.”;
Exercise 2 $bonus = 5000;
echo “Bonus is ” . $bonus . “<br>.”;
}
?>
Problem:
Write a PHP script that shows, if salary is greater than zero and less
than 10,001 then assign 1 to status and display the text, “You
are a job-order employee.”. Otherwise, if salary is greater than
10,000 and less than 20,001 then assign 2 to status and display the
Exercise 3 text, “You are a probationary employee”. Otherwise, assign 3 to
status and display the text, “You are a regular employee”.
Write your answer on your notebook and compare it during next
discussion.
<?php
if ($salary > 0) And ($salary < 10001) {
$status = 1;
echo “You are a job-order employee.”;
} elseif ($salary > 10000) And ($salary < 20001) {
Answer: $status = 2;
echo “You are a probationary employee.”;
Exercise 3 } else {
$status = 3;
echo “You are a regular employee.”;
}
?>
Problem:
Write a PHP script that will evaluate the value of year_level and
assign the corresponding value for miscellaneous based on the
year_level on the table below:
Exercise 4
Write your answer on your notebook and compare it during next
discussion.
<?php
switch ($year_level) {
case 1: $miscellaneous = 3000.00;
break;
case 2: $miscellaneous = 3500.00;
break;
Answer: case 3: $miscellaneous = 4000.00;
break;
Exercise 4 case 4: $miscellaneous = 4500.00;
break;
case 5: $miscellaneous = 5000.00;
break;
default: $miscellaneous = 0;
}
?>
