Java Server Pages
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ivsvarunJava Server Pages
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ivsvarunJSP
Java Server Pages
Dec 8, 2021
A “Hello World” servlet
(from the Tomcat installation documentation)
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String docType =
"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 " +
"Transitional//EN\">\n";
out.println(docType +
"<HTML>\n" +
"<HEAD><TITLE>Hello</TITLE></HEAD>\n" +
"<BODY BGCOLOR=\"#FDF5E6\">\n" +
"<H1>Hello World</H1>\n" +
"</BODY></HTML>");
}
} This is mostly Java with a little HTML mixed in 2
Servlets
The purpose of a servlet is to create a Web page in response to a
client request
Servlets are written in Java, with a little HTML mixed in
The HTML is enclosed in out.println( ) statements
JSP (Java Server Pages) is an alternate way of creating servlets
JSP is written as ordinary HTML, with a little Java mixed in
The Java is enclosed in special tags, such as <% ... %>
The HTML is known as the template text
JSP files must have the extension .jsp
JSP is translated into a Java servlet, which is then compiled
Servlets are run in the usual way
The browser or other client sees only the resultant HTML, as usual
Tomcat knows how to handle servlets and JSP pages
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JSP scripting elements
There is more than one type of JSP “tag,” depending on what you
want done with the Java
<%= expression %>
The expression is evaluated and the result is inserted into the HTML page
<% code %>
The code is inserted into the servlet's service method
This construction is called a scriptlet
<%! declarations %>
The declarations are inserted into the servlet class, not into a method
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Example JSP
<HTML>
<BODY>
Hello! The time is now <%= new java.util.Date() %>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Notes:
The <%= ... %> tag is used, because we are computing a
value and inserting it into the HTML
The fully qualified name (java.util.Date) is used, instead of
the short name (Date), because we haven’t yet talked about
how to do import declarations
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Variables
You can declare your own variables, as usual
JSP provides several predefined variables
request : The HttpServletRequest parameter
response : The HttpServletResponse parameter
session : The HttpSession associated with the request, or
null if there is none
out : A JspWriter (like a PrintWriter) used to send output
to the client
Example:
Your hostname: <%= request.getRemoteHost() %>
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Scriptlets
Scriptlets are enclosed in <% ... %> tags
Scriptlets do not produce a value that is inserted directly into the
HTML (as is done with <%= ... %>)
Scriptlets are Java code that may write into the HTML
Example:
<% String queryData = request.getQueryString();
out.println("Attached GET data: " + queryData); %>
Scriptlets are inserted into the servlet exactly as written,
and are not compiled until the entire servlet is compiled
Example:
<% if (Math.random() < 0.5) { %>
Have a <B>nice</B> day!
<% } else { %>
Have a <B>lousy</B> day!
<% } %>
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Declarations
Use <%! ... %> for declarations to be added to your
servlet class, not to any particular method
Caution: Servlets are multithreaded, so nonlocal variables
must be handled with extreme care
If declared with <% ... %>, variables are local and OK
Data can also safely be put in the request or session objects
Example:
<%! private int accessCount = 0; %>
Accesses to page since server reboot:
<%= ++accessCount %>
You can use <%! ... %> to declare methods as easily as
to declare variables
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Directives
Directives affect the servlet class itself
A directive has the form:
<%@ directive attribute="value" %>
or
<%@ directive attribute1="value1"
attribute2="value2"
...
attributeN="valueN" %>
The most useful directive is page, which lets you
import packages
Example: <%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
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The include directive
The include directive inserts another file into the file
being parsed
The included file is treated as just more JSP, hence it can
include static HTML, scripting elements, actions, and
directives
Syntax: <%@ include file="URL " %>
The URL is treated as relative to the JSP page
If the URL begins with a slash, it is treated as relative to the
home directory of the Web server
The include directive is especially useful for inserting
things like navigation bars
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Actions
Actions are XML-syntax tags used to control the servlet
engine
<jsp:include page="URL " flush="true" />
Inserts the indicated relative URL at execution time (not at
compile time, like the include directive does)
This is great for rapidly changing data
<jsp:forward page="URL" />
<jsp:forward page="<%= JavaExpression %>" />
Jump to the (static) URL or the (dynamically computed)
JavaExpression resulting in a URL
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JSP in XML
JSP can be embedded in XML as well as in HTML
Due to XML’s syntax rules, the tags must be
different (but they do the same things)
HTML: <%= expression %>
XML: <jsp:expression>expression</jsp:expression>
HTML: <% code %>
XML: <jsp:scriptlet>code</jsp:scriptlet>
HTML: <%! declarations %>
XML: <jsp:declaration>declarations</jsp:declaration>
HTML: <%@ include file=URL %>
XML: <jsp:directive.include file="URL"/>
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The End
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