Prof. DR. Dr. Soeharyo Hadisaputro, SP - PD-KPTI-Dengue Infection in Sepsis
Prof. DR. Dr. Soeharyo Hadisaputro, SP - PD-KPTI-Dengue Infection in Sepsis
Prof. DR. Dr. Soeharyo Hadisaputro, SP - PD-KPTI-Dengue Infection in Sepsis
Suharyo Hadisaputro
“ Global warming”
Mosquitoes on the march to
America, Europe, Australia
- DF : minimal symptoms
- DHF / DSS : hemorrhagic tendency
and circulatory changes
Public Health Impact of Dengue
2.5-3 billion people live in areas of risk
50-100 million cases/infections/year Millions
hospitalized
500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever
20,000 plus deaths
Incidence and geographic range are increasing
global warming impact
Economic Impact
No antiviral drugs, vaccine developed
Mosquito control has been largely ineffective
Approximate Global Distribution of Dengue and Aedes aegypti
DEN-1
DEN-2
DEN-1 DEN-1
DEN-3
DEN-1 DEN-2 DEN-2 DEN-4 DEN-1
DEN-2 DEN-3 DEN-1 DEN-3 DEN-2
DEN-3 DEN-4 DEN-2 DEN-3
DEN-4 DEN-1
DEN-4 DEN-3
DEN-2
DEN-1 DEN-4
DEN-3
DEN-2 DEN-4
DEN-3 DEN-1
DEN-4 DEN-2
DEN-3
DEN-4
STRUKTUR VIRUS DENGUE
Dengue virus infection
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PATOPHYSIOLOGY
Increased vascular permeability as main
abnormality, leads to plasma leakage into extra-
vascular cavity & serous effusion with high
plasma content.
Manifested as :
Pleural effusion, ascites, pericardial effusion, GB
wall thickening, perirenal fluid,
haemoconcentration and hypoalbuminemia
Vasculopathy and thrombocytopenia
leads to haemorrhagic tendency,
such as epistaxis, gum bleeding,
GI bleeding, haematuria,
Coagulopathy and fibrinolysis DIC.
Laboratory finding:
Complete blood count:
Thrombocytopenia (< 100.000 cells/ml)
Increased haematocrit ( > 20 % )
Serology tests : spesific IgM / IgG antibody
(ELISA )
Imaging : Chest X-Ray
Ultrasonography
( CT Scan )
Severe forms and complications:
- DIC
- ARDS
- Encephalopathy, intracranial haemorrhage
- Hepatic dysfunction
- Peri/pararenal fluid, hepatic / splenic
subcapsular fluid , pancreatic
enlargement.
Patofisiologi Demam Berdarah Dengue
BANU, S., HU, W., HURST, C. & TONG, S. 2011. Dengue transmission in the Asia‐Pacific region: impact of climate change and socio‐environmental
factors. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 16, 598-607. 14
GUBLER, D. 2011. Dengue, Urbanization and Globalization: The Unholy Trinity of the 21 (st) Century. Trop Med Health 39: 3–11. doi: 10.2149. tmh.
Patophysiology of DHF
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Clinical manifestation
• Asymptomatic
• Dengue fever
• Dengue hemorrhagic fever
• Dengue shock syndrome
Clinical diagnosis of dengue virus infections
Clinical spectrum of
Dengue Virus infection
Dengue
Dengue virus
virus infection
infection
Asymptomatic
Asymptomatic Symptomatic
Symptomatic
Undifferentiated
Undifferentiated Dengue
Dengue Fever
Fever Dengue
Dengue Hemorrhagic
Hemorrhagic Fever
Fever
febrile
febrile illness
illness
Symptomatic Asymptomatic
DF with DF with
high risk & warning signs &
comorbid condition symptoms
Home Management Close Monitoring* and Possibly Hospitalization Tertiary Level Care
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WHO, 2009. Modified: Nasronudin, 2016
DENGUE ± Warning Signs SEVERE DENGUE
With
Without 1.Severe plasma leakage
Warning 2.Severe haemorrhage
Signs 3.Severe organ impairment
Continual vomites;
Lethargy;
or somnolence)
Dengue Diagnosis
1. Virus isolation
4. NS1 Ag Test
: NS1 antigen is present at high concentrations in the sera of dengue
virus-infected patients during the early clinical phase of the disease.
Metode Diagnostik untuk Deteksi
Infeksi Dengue
Isolasi virus, dilakukan pada 6 hari pertama sakit.
Deteksi viral nucleic acid, dapat dilakukan pada hari 1-5.
Deteksi antigen virus, muncul pertama kali pada hari pertama
onset demam, dan menurun hingga tidak terdeteksi pada hari 5-6.
IgM terdeteksi pada hari ke 3-5 setelah onset, ↑ cepat selama 2
minggu, dan menurun sampai tidak terdeteksi setelah 2-3 bulan.
IgG terdeteksi pada level yang rendah pada akhir dari minggu
pertama, meningkat dan menetap sampai periode yang lebih lama
Infeksi dengue sekunder, IgG terdeteksi pada level yang tinggi
bahkan pada fase awal, dan bertahan pada beberapa bulan.
Rasio IgM: IgG biasanya digunakan untuk membedakan antara
infeksi primer dan infeksi sekunder.
Theoretical Depiction of Human Viremia & Immune
Response to Arboviruses
Virus Assays Serology Assays
ELISA
#pfu/ml P/N
250 IgM
20
NS1 IgG
viremia Neutralizing Ab
-2 to +5 days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Simtomatik
– Antipiretik apabila demam tinggi atau riwayat kejang demam.
Anjuran parasetamol, kontra indikasi asetosal & ibuprofen
– Diazepam
– Domperidone 1mg/kgbb/hari, 3 dosis, 1-2 hari
– H2 blocker (ranitidine, cimetidine), apabila diduga terdapat
gastritis
Antibiotik tidak diberikan
(Ingat: tourniquett test positif + leukopenia)
Tersangka Infeksi Virus Dengue
Demam tinggi, mendadak <7 hari
lesu, tidak ada ISPA
Ada kedaruratan Tidak ada kedaruratan
Syok Uji Torniquet
Kejang
Kesadaran menurun
Perdarahan positif negatif
Rawat inap
Leukosit <5000/ul Leukosit normal