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    Bones: - Structure - Types - Joints

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    Ayesha
    Bones come in two main regions - axial and appendicular. There are four types of bones - long, short, flat, and irregular. Long bones provide structure and support, with a diaphysis shaft and epiphysis ends. Short bones allow for movement, like those in the wrist and ankle. Flat bones protect soft tissues, like the ribs and skull. Irregular bones have unusual shapes for muscle attachments. All bones have an outer compact layer and inner spongy layer, with long bones also having a marrow cavity and growth plates. Bones are made of both organic components like cells and collagen, and inorganic mineral salts, giving them both flexibility and hardness.

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    Bones: - Structure - Types - Joints

    Uploaded by

    Ayesha
    22 views20 pages
    Bones come in two main regions - axial and appendicular. There are four types of bones - long, short, flat, and irregular. Long bones provide structure and support, with a diaphysis shaft and epiphysis ends. Short bones allow for movement, like those in the wrist and ankle. Flat bones protect soft tissues, like the ribs and skull. Irregular bones have unusual shapes for muscle attachments. All bones have an outer compact layer and inner spongy layer, with long bones also having a marrow cavity and growth plates. Bones are made of both organic components like cells and collagen, and inorganic mineral salts, giving them both flexibility and hardness.

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    Bones

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    Bones come in two main regions - axial and appendicular. There are four types of bones - long, short, flat, and irregular. Long bones provide structure and support, with a diaphysis shaft and epiphysis ends. Short bones allow for movement, like those in the wrist and ankle. Flat bones protect soft tissues, like the ribs and skull. Irregular bones have unusual shapes for muscle attachments. All bones have an outer compact layer and inner spongy layer, with long bones also having a marrow cavity and growth plates. Bones are made of both organic components like cells and collagen, and inorganic mineral salts, giving them both flexibility and hardness.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    22 views20 pages

    Bones: - Structure - Types - Joints

    Uploaded by

    Ayesha
    Bones come in two main regions - axial and appendicular. There are four types of bones - long, short, flat, and irregular. Long bones provide structure and support, with a diaphysis shaft and epiphysis ends. Short bones allow for movement, like those in the wrist and ankle. Flat bones protect soft tissues, like the ribs and skull. Irregular bones have unusual shapes for muscle attachments. All bones have an outer compact layer and inner spongy layer, with long bones also having a marrow cavity and growth plates. Bones are made of both organic components like cells and collagen, and inorganic mineral salts, giving them both flexibility and hardness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    BONES

    –Structure
    –Types
    –Joints
    (1) What are the Bone Regions?
    • Axial
    – Down the center of body
    – Skull, vertebral column, rib cage, center pelvis

    • Appendicular
    – Off the sides of body
    – Upper and lower limbs, shoulder and hip bones
    (2) What are the types of Bones?
    • Long
    • Short
    • Flat
    • Irregular
    (3) Long Bones
    • Longer than they are wide
    • Has a shaft and 2 ends
    • Weight bearing bones (like steel beams)
    • Provide the greatest structure and support

    • Examples:
    – All limb bones
    – Except…. Kneecap, Wrist and Ankle bones
    (4) Short Bones
    • Cube Shaped
    • Allow for wider range of movement

    • Examples:
    – Wrist
    – Ankle
    (5) Flat Bones
    • Thin, flat and curved
    • Protect soft tissue (like plates of armor)
    • Examples:
    – Sternum
    – Shoulder blades
    – Ribs
    – Skull bones
    (6) Irregular Bones
    • Complicated, unusual shapes
    • Muscles, tendons, ligaments usually attach to
    these

    • Examples:
    – Vertebrae
    – Hip bones
    (8) Bone Structure
    • Unique based on location + bone type.

    • Compact Bone (Outer Layer):


    – Dense
    – Smooth and Solid to naked eye

    • Spongy Bone (Inner Layer):


    – Hole-y (like a honeycomb)
    – Made of small needle-like, flat pieces called “trabeculae”
    – Open spaces between trabeculae are filled with red or yellow
    bone marrow
    (9) Structure of a Long Bone
    • Diaphysis:
    – Center, main shaft
    – Long part of bone
    – Made of very thick compact bone surrounding a central marrow
    cavity

    • Epiphysis:
    – Ends of bone
    – Wider than diaphysis
    – Made of compact bone which surrounds spongy bone.
    – Joint surface of each epiphysis is covered with hyaline cartilage
    • Epiphyseal Line:
    – Remnant of Epiphyseal Plate
    – Found in adult bones
    – Shows amount of cartilage growth during adolescence

    • Membranes:
    – Periosteum = Around the outside
    • Richly supplied with nerve fibers, lymphatic vessels and
    blood vessels
    • Provides anchoring points for tendons and ligaments
    – Endosteum = Around the inside
    • Surrounds the spongy bone
    (12) Chemical Composition of Bone
    • Contains organic & inorganic components

    • Organic:
    – Cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts)
    – Osteoid
    • Made of glycoproteins and collagen fibers
    • Secreted by osteoblasts
    • “filler matrix” around cells
    – Contribute to flexibility and tensile strength

    • Inorganic:
    – Mineral Salts (calcium phosphates)
    – Contribute to hardness of bone (allowing for compression
    resistance)

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