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Types of Communication Lesson 2

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58 views37 pages

Types of Communication Lesson 2

Uploaded by

Quennie
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Nature of

Language
What is language?

It is the principal method of human communication, consisting of words used in a


structured and conventional way and conveyed by speech, writing, or gesture.

Together with the creation of human life is the creation of a wonderful and
dynamic human capacity-language.
Can animals communicate?
Animals are said to be able to communicate with
each other. Whales sing, wolves howl, dogs bark, and
birds chirp. The sounds these creatures produce often
reflect the state of their emotions.
Can animals use language?
While it may be true that animals can
communicate, only human beings are truly capable of
producing language.
What exactly is
language?
Linguists agree that language can only be called
a language if it has a system of rules (also
known as grammar), a sound of system
(phonology), and a vocabulary (lexicon). These
are the requirements for identifying a means of
communication as a language.
Can monkeys
produce language?
A monkey may be able to signal to its
partner that it is sharing food. The monkey
will produce sounds and gestures, but will
not be able to organize the sounds into a
meaningful system with rules.
What is Speech Community?

A speech community is a group of people who share rules for


conducting and interpreting at least one variety of a language or
dialect. The term can be applied to a neighborhood, a city, a region or
a nation. We all belong to at least one speech community. The earliest
speech community we belong to is the one we share with our primary
caregivers (usually our parents) and is the basis for some of the most
intimate and long term relationships we form across our life.
While growing up, people acquire the
languages used by those in the community.
This is the process of language acquisition.
What is the difference between first
language and second language?
First language is a language that one acquires from birth and a second language is a
non-native language usually learned at a later stage. In a nutshell, native languages
are regarded as first languages whereas non-native languages are referred to as
second languages.

The languages acquired while growing up are known as mother tongues, which may also
be referred to as the first languages. People discover later on that other languages are
needed for various reasons. These other languages may be referred to as second language.
People learn these languages by studying
formally in school or informally on their own.
This is the process of language learning.
What happens if you, for example, who speaks
a mother and English. And go to work in China
where the residents speaks Mandarin and a
little bit of English? Will you be able to
communicate with the Chinese?
What is language contact?

Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more


languages or varieties interact and influence each other.
The study of language contact is called contact linguistics.
When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is
typical for their languages to influence each other.
What is language change?

Language change is the phenomenon by which permanent


alterations are made in the features and the use of a
language over time.

Language change is the result of language contact.


Language is indeed a complex human
capacity.
TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
Communication as a term takes on
different contexts resulting in people
having different views on
communication types.
Context is the circumstance or
environment in which communication
takes place.
Communication can be classified according
to:

1.Communication Mode
2.Context
3.Purpose and Style
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING
TO MODE
VERBAL-NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

VISUAL
 Effective communication calls for blending of these two types.
One cannot be separated from the other.

 For instance, door to door salespersons who demonstrate


product knowledge can only be effective if they know how to
properly punctuate what they say with proper gestures and facial
expressions.
It is a type of communication that uses visuals to
convey information and/or messages.

Some examples are signs, symbols, imagery, maps, graphs, charts,


diagrams, pictograms, photos, drawings or illustrations and even
various forms of electronic communication.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
ACCORDING TO CONTEXT

INTRAPERSONAL

INTERPERSONAL

EXTENDED

ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMUNICATION

INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
Intrapersonal communication can be defined
as communication with one's self, and that may
include self-talk, acts of imagination and
visualization, and even recall and memory
(McLean, 2005 ).
Interpersonal communication is the process
of exchange of information, ideas and feelings
between two or more people through verbal or
non-verbal methods. It often includes face-to-face
exchange of information, in a form of voice,
facial expressions, body language and gestures.
Extended Communication involves the use of electronic media.
Unlike before when it only called for the use of television and radio,
nowadays, the description of extended communication maybe
expanded as to include tele, audio, phone conferencing; video
conferencing.
Organizational communication refers to the forms
and channels of communication among members of
organizations such as corporations, nonprofits or small
businesses. Studies have found a strong relationship
between the levels of communication in an organization
and job performance and satisfaction.
Intercultural communication refers to the communication between people
from two different cultures. Intercultural communication is a symbolic,
interpretive, transactional, contextual process in which people from different
cultures create shared meanings.

It seeks to understand the differences in how people from a


variety of cultures act, communicate, and perceive the world
around them. Culture has a large impact on how people
conduct business; therefore, cultural implications are critical
for succeeding in an international context.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
ACCORDING TO PURPOSE AND
STYLE
Formal Communication

Informal Communication
Formal Communication

In formal communication, certain rules, conventions and


principles are followed while communicating message.
Formal communication occurs in formal and official style.
Usually professional settings, corporate meetings,
conferences undergoes in formal pattern.
In formal communication, use of slang and foul language is
avoided and correct pronunciation is required. Authority
lines are needed to be followed in formal communication.
Informal Communication

Informal communication is done using channels that are in contrast with formal
communication channels. It’s just a casual talk. It is established for societal
affiliations of members in an organization and face-to-face discussions. It happens
among friends and family. In informal communication use of slang words, foul
language is not restricted. Usually. informal communication is done orally and
using gestures.
Informal communication, Unlike formal communication, doesn’t
follow authority lines. In an organization, it helps in finding out staff
grievances as people express more when talking informally. Informal
communication helps in building relationships.
Thank
you!

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