Amity Institute of Applied Sciences

 
Course Title: Applied Mathematics-III (MATH211)

Module-I, Lecture-5: Non-Linear PDE of the standard form

Department of Mathematics, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences

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Learning Objectives

At the end of this session, you will be able to learn about

 Categories and solve nonlinear PDE of different types.

 Undertand and apply a general method (Charpit’s method) to find the

complete integral of the non- linear PDE
 Some examples related to one of the methods.

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STANDARD TYPES OF FIRST ORDER EQUATIONS:
Standard Type1: Only and present. Equations of the form
(1)
Working Rule:

Step1: Let the required solution be

(2)
Step2: Differentiating (2) w.r. to and respectively, we have
(3)
Step 3: Substituting values of and from (3) in (1) , we get
(4)

Step4: Putting the value of in (2) that will be the required solution of
given equation(1).

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 Example1: Solve where is a constant.

Solution: Here,
(1)
Since the given equation is of the type , its solution is
(2)
putting for and for in (1). We get
,
Therefore from (2), the required solution is

Which contains two arbitrary constants and .

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 Example2: Solve
Solution: The above equation can be rewritten as
(1)
Let and (2)
so that and (3)
By using eq(2) in eq (1), then eq (1) becomes
(4)
Where, . Since the eq (4) is of the type , its solution is
(5)
putting for and for in (4). We get
,

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 Therefore from (5), the required solution is

(6)
Which contains two arbitrary constants and . Using equation(3) in (6), we get

Which is the required solution.

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Standard Type 2 (Clairaut equation): A first order partial differential equation
is said to be of Clariaut form if it can be written in the form
(1)
The solution of the eq(1) is
(2)

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 Example 3: Solve
Solution: Here, the given equation is
(1)
Since the given equation is of the type II , its solution is
(2)
which is required solution.

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 Example4: Solve
Solution: The above equation can be rewritten as
(1)
Let (2)
so that and (3)
By using eq(2) in eq (1), then eq (1) becomes
(4)
Where, . Since the eq (4) is of the type , its solution is
(5)
putting and in (5). We get

Which is required solution.

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Standard Type 3: Only and present. A first order partial differential equation
of the form
(1)
is type-III form.
Working Rule:
Step1: Let (2)
Step2: Replace and by and respectively in (1),and solve the resulting ODE of
first order with help of usual methods.
Step 3: Replace by in the solution obtained in Step (2)

Note*: Sometimes change of variables can be used to reduce a given equation in

the standard Type3.

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 Example5: Solve the PDE

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 Example6 : Solve the PDE

Solution: Here,
(1)
Let , Now replacing and by and respectively in (1), we get
or
Or (2)
Integrating(2), we get
(3)
Replace by in the (3) and simplify, we have

which is required solution of the given PDE.

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 Standard Type 4: Equation of the form

(1)
i.e. A type in which does not appear and the terms containing and are on one side
and those containing and on the other side.

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 Example7: Solve the PDE

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 Example8: Solve the PDE

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  Practice Questions
Q1. Solve the following partial differential equations:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Answers:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

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Thank You

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