ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS
An electronic component is a basic indivisible electronic element that is available in a discrete form.
Electronic components are discrete devices or discrete components, mostly industrial products, and
not to be confounded with electrical elements which conceptual abstractions are representing idealized
electronic components.
RESISTOR
Schematic Symbol Of
Low Power Resistor Resistor
RESISTOR
• The main function of resistors in a circuit is to control the flow of current
and voltage drops to other components.
• The most common applications are radio, television and amplifiers.
Resistors are the most commonly used component in electronics and their
purpose is to create specified values of current and voltage in a circuit.
• The unit for measuring resistance is the ohms ().
Types Of Resistor
The value of a
Fixe vari
●
resistor can be ●
A resistor that can
obtained from the be changed by
color code or the moving the contact
code printed on the resistance value on
d able
resistor. the resistor
●
The value specified element.
by color code and ●
Variable resistor is
printed code
used in circuits
referred to as the
that require
resi resi
nominal (rated
value). changes in current
●
Four important and voltage.
things to consider
●
There are three
when choosing the types of variable
stor stor
resistor is the resistor slider
resistor values, resistor, rheostat
tolerances, the and potentiometer.
power and stability.
RESISTOR
Resistance is proportional to the length of
the conductor R L, where the longer a
conductor, then the resistance will also
Conductor length is in meters (m).
The length of conductor (wire)
Cross-sectional area of conductor
Cross sectional area is in square meters
(m2). Resistance is inversely proportional
increase.
to the cross sectional area of conductor R
in which the smaller cross sectional area of
conductor, then the higher the resistance
value and vice versa.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
THE RESISTOR VALUE
Temperatur
cubic meter.
opposite surfaces of a cube measuring 1
defined as the resistance between the
e
type of conductive material. Resistance is
or resistivity represents the nature or
Types of material
CAPACITOR
• Capacitors are components that store electrical charges.
• The most common applications are radio, television and video recorder.
• The unit for measuring capacitance is the Farad (F).
• Basically, capacitor consists of two metal plates, or two parallel
conductors separated by insulating dielectric.
• This dielectric may comprise air, paper, mica, polyester or electrolytic.
CAPACITOR
Cross Section of Capacitor Schematic Symbol of Capacitor
Types Of Capacitor
Fixed ●
●
A capacitor whose capacitance value remains.
Fixed capacitors are divided into two types, namely polar and non-polar.
capacitor
●
Polar capacitors are only suitable for the direct current circuit.
Variable A capacitance value that can be changed according to the needs of the circuit.
●
Capacitance of a variable capacitor can be varied either by adjusting the
●
capacitor
effective surface area of the plate or the distance between the plates.
The distance between the plates.
To produce a higher capacitance value, a
measure of the distance between the two
plates.
plates should be enlarged. Capacitance
between the plates is inversely
proportional to the distance between them.
The dielectric material used.
Capacitance depends on the
transparency between the two
dielectric material used, namely
FACTORS
Capacitance is dependent on:
the dielectric.
The thickness of
The area of the plate.
directly proportional to size.
to obtain a high capacitance value.
Capacitance between the two plates is
Both the plate surface should be extended
TRANSISTOR
• Transistor is an electronic device that can be used as an amplifier or as a
switch.
• Transistors are used as an amplifier to increase the input signals in TV,
stereo and others applications.
Schematic Symbol of Transistor NPN Transistor
DIODE
• A Diode is the simplest two-terminal unilateral semiconductor device.
• It allows current to flow only in one direction and blocks the current that flows in the
opposite direction.
• The two terminals of the diode are called as anode and cathode.
• In making the connection, make sure the connection is made at the correct polarity.
The anode (+) must be connected to the positive source of emf
The cathode (-) must be connected to a negative source emf
• Excessive current will damage or burn the diode.
DIODE
Schematic Symbol of Diode
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
• Operational Amplifiers are everywhere.
• They are the most commonly used analogue IC, used in audio systems and instrumentation systems,
used to perform mathematical operations, (hence their name,) such as addition, subtraction, and
integral and differential calculus.
• The Operational Amplifier is probably the most versatile Integrated Circuit available.
• It is very cheap especially keeping in mind the fact that it contains several hundred components.
The most common Op-Amp is the 741 and it is used in many circuits.
• The Op-Amp is a ‘Linear Amplifier’ with an amazing variety of uses. Its main purpose is to
amplify (increase) a weak signal. The Op-Amp has two inputs, inverting (-) and non-inverting (+),
and one output at pin 6.
Op-Amp
●
Op-Amp ●
Op-Amp
Op-Amp
1. An inverting amplifier. Leg two
is the input and the output is always
reversed.
In an inverting amplifier the voltage
enters the 741 chip through leg two
and comes out of the 741 chip at leg
six. If the polarity is positive going
into the chip, it negative by the time
it comes out through leg six. The
polarity has been ‘inverted’.
2. A non-inverting amplifier. Leg
MICROPROCESSOR
• A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit
(CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated circuits. [2]
• All modern CPUs are microprocessors making the micro- prefix redundant. The
microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as
input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides
results as output.
• It is an example of sequential digital logic, as it has internal memory.
Microprocessors operate on numbers and symbols represented in the
binary numeral system.
there are four important
parts of microprocessors:
• Arithmetic and logic
unit
• Instruction decoder
• Registers
• Timing and control
General architecture of microprocessor.
circuits
