Welcome To The Control System of The Body

Welcome
to the
Control System
of the Body
The Nervous System
Functions of Nervous System
 Regulates the functions of other body systems
 It receives information about your
environment & other parts of the body.
 It interprets the information received.
 It makes your body respond or react to the
information.
Nervous System of the Vertebrates
Nervous Sytem
Nervous System is divided into:
1)Central Nervous System (CNS)
2)Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)

CNS
(Central Nervous System)
1. Brain Stem
 Medulla oblongata (Spinal bulb)
 Pons
 Midbrain(Hypothalamus)
 Thalamus
2. Cerebrum
3. Cerebellum
4. Spinal Cord
PNS
(Peripheral Nervous System)
consists of:
1. cranial nerves (with 12 pairs of
motor and sensory nerves emerge from
the brain)
2. spinal nerves(with 31 pairs of
motor and sensory nerves come from
your spinal cord)
3. peripheral nerves ( located outside
the brain and spinal cord)
Two groups of Peripheral
Nervous System
 Somatic Nervous System
 Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System
 consists of motor neurons that

connect the central nervous system to
the striated or voluntary muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System
 connects the central nervous system to
the glands, the smooth muscles of the
visceral organs, and cardiac muscles.
Involuntary actions of these glands and
organs are regulated by the autonomic
neurons.
Two subdivisions of ANS
 The autonomic nervous system directs all
activities of the body that occur without a
person’s conscious control, such as breathing
and food digestion. It has two parts: the
sympathetic division, which is most active
in times of stress, and the parasympathetic
division, which controls maintenance
activities and helps conserve the body’s energy
Fundamental unit
of nervous system……..
The Nerve Cell
 Nerve cells are called neurons.
o Rounded, star-shaped or
irregularly-shaped cell body

that contains a nucleus and
cytoplasm.
Nerve Cell
Parts of the Nerve Cell
 Dendrites – fibers that carry impulses
towards the cell body
 Axons – fibers that carry impulses
away from cell body either to

another neuron or to an effector.
 Cell body- contains nucleus
Single Nerve Cell with parts
Neurons differ in the direction of the message and
type of impulse they carry:
 Sensory neurons carry impulses to the brain &

spinal cord.
 Motor neurons carry impulses from the brain
or spinal cord to the muscles.
 Associative neurons, or interneurons, at CNS
integrate data from sensory neurons and then
relay commands to motor neurons.
Illusion
 Illusion, a mistake in the perception of a sensory
experience. Perception is the process by which
organisms interpret and organize information
received by the sense organs. An illusion occurs
when what the brain perceives differs substantially
from the actual qualities of an object or stimulus.
Illusions may occur in any of the human senses,
including vision, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. In
general usage, however, the term is most often
applied to visual illusions, also called optical
illusions.
Optical Illusion
Amazing facts about
Nervous System
 Fact: In one square inch of skin there are four yards of nerve fibers, 1300
nerve cells, 100 sweat glands, 3 million cells, and 3 yards of blood vessels.
 Fact: Except for your brain cells, 50,000,000 of the cells in your body will
have died and been replaced with others, all while you have been reading
this sentence.
 Fact: The central nervous system is connected to every part of the body by
43 pairs of nerves. Twelve pairs go to and from the brain, with 31 pairs
going from the spinal cord. There are nearly 45 miles of nerves running
through our bodies.
 Fact: Messages travel along the nerves as electrical impulses. They travel
at speeds up to 248 mile per hour.
The brain looks like a giant,
wrinkled walnut.
Unlike other body cells,

brain cells can not
regenerate. Once brain cells
are damaged they are not
replaced.
The brain and spinal cord

are surrounded and
protected by cerebrospinal
fluid.
 Neurons have a limited ability to repair
themselves. Unlike other body tissues,
nerve cells cannot be repaired if damaged
by injury or disease. This is permanent
body dysfunction.
 Nerves divide many times as they leave the
spinal cord in order that they may reach all
parts of the body. The thickest nerve is one
inch thick and the thinnest is thinner than a
human hair. Each nerve is a bundle of
hundreds or thousands of neurons. The spinal
cord runs down a tunnel of holes in the spine.
The bones protect it from damage. The cord
itself is a thick bundle of nerves, connecting
your brain to the rest of your body
 The most brainless animal may have been
dinosaur, Stegosaurus. At weighed & half
tons, but its brain was only the size of a
walnut.
Hope you have learn something with the help
of our Nervous system!
Good day everyone!

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Welcome

1)Central Nervous System (CNS)

2)Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)

 Autonomic Nervous System

 consists of motor neurons that

irregularly-shaped cell body

away from cell body either to

 Sensory neurons carry impulses to the brain &

Unlike other body cells,

The brain and spinal cord

Good day everyone!

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