Steganography
PRESENTED BY:
SURBHI GOSAIN
Contents:
Introduction
History
Evolution
What is steganography
Types of steganography
Working
Detection
Applications
Advantages and disadvantages
Conclusion
Introduction :
Advance security is not maintained by the password protection but it is
gained by hiding the existence of the data, which can only be done by
Steganography.
Steganographic Systems can hide messages inside of Digital Objects such
as a file that has been concealed inside a Digital Picture, Video or Audio
file.
The main advantage of Steganography is, it hides the information in such a
way that there is no information hidden at all.
This is derived from the name of lizard “Stegosaurs”.
History of Steganography :
440 B.C.
Histiaeus shaved the head of his most trusted slave and tattooed it with a
message which disappeared after the hair had regrown. To instigate a
revolt against Persians.
1st and 2nd World Wars
German spies used invisible ink to print very small dots on letters.
Microdots – Blocks of text or images scaled down to the size of a regular
dot.
Current
Special inks are used to write a hidden messages on bank notes.
Evolution :
Cryptography
Steganography
Watermarking
Etymology :
It comes from the Greek words
Steganography is the art and science of hiding the
fact that communication is taking place.
What is Steganography ?
Steganography is the practice of hiding private or sensitive
information within something that appears to be nothing out
of the usual.
Steganography in the modern day sense of the word usually
refers to information or a file that has been concealed inside a
digital Picture, Video or Audio file.
Steganography terms
Carrier or Cover File – A Original message or a file in which
hidden information will be stored inside of it .
Stego-Medium – The medium in which the information is
hidden.
Embedded or Payload – The information which is to be
hidden or concealed.
Steganalysis – The process of detecting hidden information
inside a file.
Types of Steganography
Steganography In Text/Documents
Steganography In Images
Steganography In Audio
Steganography In Video
Steganography in Text
Line Shift Coding: Lines are vertically shifted
Word Shift Coding: Codewords are Horizontally shifted
Feature Coding: Coding done using certain text features
Alternative Methods
Syntactic Methods
Semantic Methods
Steganography In Images
Least Significant Bit Insertion
Common and Simple Approach
Masking and Filtering
Mark an image in a manner similar to paper watermarks
Algorithms and Transformations
DCT
FFT
Wavelet Transform
Steganography In Audio
Low bit encoding method is used to hide information
inside audio files which is some what similar to LSB
that is generally used in Images.
Spread Spectrum is another method used to conceal
information inside of an audio file. This method works
by adding random noises to the signal the information
is conceal inside a carrier and spread across the
frequency spectrum.
Echo Data Hiding is yet another method of hiding
information inside an audio file.
This method uses the echoes in sound files in order to try
and hide information.
By simply adding extra sound to an echo inside an audio
file, information can be concealed. The thing that makes
this method of concealing information inside of audio files
better than other methods is that it can actually improve the
sound of the audio inside an audio file.
Steganography in Videos
Steganography in Videos is similar to that of Steganography in
Images, apart from information is hidden in each frame of
video. When only a small amount of information is hidden
inside of video it generally isn’t noticeable at all, however the
more information that is hidden the more noticeable it will
become.
How it works :
In this our original data is embed with the carrier file to
form STEGDATA.
Steganography
Encoding a Decode a
message message
Plain Info
Steganography Encode
Encoding Prepare StegData
coverData coverData
with Plain info
Embedded Data
Example:
Detecting Steganography :
• The art of detecting Steganography is referred
to as Steganalysis.
• Using different tools like sendsecret,
Steganography 8.1 , Stegdetect, Hiderman etc.
• Steganalysis does not deal with trying to
decrypt the hidden information inside of a file,
just discovering it.
• It is mainly done with comparing the
encrypted file with the original copy.
• It can be done through Histogram technique. Information hidden
behind the image.
Detecting By histogram technique :
Applications in Modern Printers
Used in HP and Xerox brand color Laser Printers.
Tiny Yellow dots are added to each page.
The dots are barely visible and contain Encoded printer
serial numbers, as well as date and time stamps.
Machine ID codes in laser printers
Machine ID codes in laser printers
Machine ID codes in laser printers
Advantages :
It is used in the way of hiding not
the Information but the password
to reach that Information.
Difficult to detect .Only receiver
can detect.
Can be applied differently in digital
image, audio & video file.
It can be done faster with the large
no of software's.
Disadvantages :
Huge number of data = huge file size,
so some one can suspect about it.
In sending and receiving information
can be leaked.
The confidentiality of information is
maintained by the algorithms, and if
the algorithms are known then its all
over.
If this technique is gone in the wrong
hands like hackers, terrorist ,criminals
then this can be very much dangerous
for all.
Conclusion :
• Though steganography is not implemented in wider ways but it
can be the best security tool.
• The main problem of today's world is to secure their data
confidentially, the techniques used currently are not considered
the best which can only be replaced by Steganography.
• If it gets in the hand of terrorist then it could be even worse than
WTC Attack in which steganography was used.
Bibliography
www.wikipedia.org
http://zone-h.org
http://www.eff.org/Privacy/printers/
N.provos & P.Honeyman , “Hide & Seek: An Introduction to
Steganography,” IEEE Security and privacy
D.Artz, “Digital Steganography: Hiding Data within Data,” IEEE
Security and Privacy
Thank You
