10.
3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
GUESS THE
WORD
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10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
CPENRET
SOIICOPTOM
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10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
ILIPARECM
FURLMAO
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10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
EMACRLUOL
RUFAMOL
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Percent Composition and >
Chemical Formulas
OBJECTIVES
Calculate the percent composition
of a compound from its formula;
Calculate the empirical formula
from the percent composition of a
compound; and
Calculate molecular formula given
molar mass.
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10.3 Percent Composition and Chemical
Formulas
It helps to know the percents of
the components in a shirt
because they affect how warm it
is, whether it will need to be
ironed, and how it should be
cleaned. You will learn how the
percents of the elements in a
compound are important in
chemistry.
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10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
The Percent Composition of a Compound
How do you calculate the percent by
mass of an element in a compound?
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10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
The percent by mass of an element in a
compound is the number of grams of the
element divided by the mass in grams of
the compound, multiplied by 100%.
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10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
Percent Composition from Mass Data
The relative amounts of the elements in a
compound are expressed as the percent
composition or the percent by mass of each
element in the compound.
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.9
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.9
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.9
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Practice Problems for Sample Problem 10.9
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10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
Molar Mass
Molar mass (symbolize by M with a unit symbol g/mol) is
the mass in grams or kilograms of 1 mole of units
(atoms, molecules or other particles) of a substance.
The molar mass of an element is numerically equal to
the atomic mass of that element in atomic mass unit.
The molar mass of a compound is the sum of the molar
masses of all atoms in the formula unit, each taken as
many times as the atom is used
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10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
Molar Mass
1.Find the molar mass of the element Hydrogen.
H = 1.0008 g/mol
2. Find the molar of the compound H2O
H = 1.008 g/mol X 2 = 2.016 g/mol
O = 16.00 g/mol
H + O = 2.016 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol = 18.016 g/mol
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10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
Molar Mass
1.Find the molar mass of H2SO4
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10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
Percent Composition from the Chemical
Formula
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.10
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.10
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.10
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Practice Problems for Sample Problem 10.10
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10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
Percent Composition as a Conversion Factor
You can use percent composition to
calculate the number of grams of any element
in a specific mass of a compound.
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10.3 Percent Composition and > The Percent Composition of a
Chemical Formulas Compound
Propane (C3H8) is 81.8% carbon and 18%
hydrogen. You can calculate the mass of
carbon and the mass of hydrogen in an 82.0 g
sample of C3H8.
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10.3 Percent Composition and > Empirical Formulas
Chemical Formulas
Empirical Formulas
What does the empirical formula of a
compound show?
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10.3 Percent Composition and > Empirical Formulas
Chemical Formulas
The empirical formula gives the lowest
whole-number ratio of the atoms of the
elements in a compound.
The empirical formula of a compound
shows the smallest whole-number ratio
of the atoms in the compound.
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10.3 Percent Composition and > Empirical Formulas
Chemical Formulas
Ethyne (C2H2) is a gas
used in welder’s torches.
Styrene (C8H8) is used in
making polystyrene.
These two compounds of
carbon have the same
empirical formula (CH) but
different molecular formulas.
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.11
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.11
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.11
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.11
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Practice Problems for Sample Problem 10.11
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10.3 Percent Composition and > Molecular Formulas
Chemical Formulas
Molecular Formulas
How does the molecular formula of a
compound compare with the empirical
formula?
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10.3 Percent Composition and > Molecular Formulas
Chemical Formulas
The molecular formula of a compound is
either the same as its experimentally
determined empirical formula, or it is a
simple whole-number multiple of its
empirical formula.
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10.3 Percent Composition and > Molecular Formulas
Chemical Formulas
Methanal, ethanoic acid,
and glucose all have the
same empirical formula—
CH2O.
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10.3 Percent Composition and > Molecular Formulas
Chemical Formulas
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.12
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.12
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.12
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SAMPLE PROBLEM 10.12
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Practice Problems for Sample Problem 10.12
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10.3 Section Quiz.
Assess students’ understanding
of the concepts in Section 10.3.
Continue to: Launch:
-or-
Section Quiz
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10.3 Section Quiz.
1. Calculate the percent by mass of carbon in cadaverine,
C5H14N2, a compound present in rotting meat.
a. 67.4% C
b. 58.8% C
c. 51.7% C
d. 68.2% C
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10.3 Section Quiz.
2. Which of the following is NOT an empirical
formula?
a. NO2
b. H2N
c. CH
d. C3H6
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10.3 Section Quiz.
3. Determine the molecular formula of a compound
that contains 40.0 percent C, 6.71 percent H, and
53.29 percent O and has a molar mass of 60.05 g.
a. C2H4O2
b. CH2O
c. C2H3O
d. C2H4O
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