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What Is WAP ?: The Wireless Application Protocol

The document discusses WAP, which allows wireless devices like phones to access the internet. It outlines the WAP architecture and protocols like WAE, WSP, WTP, and WTLS. It also discusses limitations of using the internet on wireless devices and usage examples of WAP.

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Akshay Mahadik
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97 views17 pages

What Is WAP ?: The Wireless Application Protocol

The document discusses WAP, which allows wireless devices like phones to access the internet. It outlines the WAP architecture and protocols like WAE, WSP, WTP, and WTLS. It also discusses limitations of using the internet on wireless devices and usage examples of WAP.

Uploaded by

Akshay Mahadik
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is WAP ?

WAP – The Wireless Application


Protocol
Makes it possible to access the Internet via wireless
devices such as mobile phones, PDAs etc.

Set of rules governing transmission/reception of data


by wireless devices (e.g. mobile phones)

August 2002
Why WAP?
WAP is an open technology based on Internet technologies
Allows competition - lower cost
WAP is backed by major vendors
Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola, Microsoft, IBM
Future proof
WAP Forum is open for all
WAP is not “take it or leave it”
Over one hundred companies have joined the WAP Forum
WAP supports several wireless systems
GSM, IS-136, CDMA, PDC etc.
WAP has a layered architecture
The same application can be used via several systems
Limitations of Internet for Wireless
Applications
Traditional Internet applications cannot run on
mobile devices because of the following
limitations:
Low bandwidth network
High Latency network
Limited connection stability
Small display size
Limited input facility
Limited memory
Limited processing power

August 2002
Limitations of Internet (contd)…
Low bandwidth
 Size of an HTML page, including graphics … 20 KB
 Download time (56Kbps modem) …3s
 Bandwidth of wireless network … 9.6Kbps
 Download time for data on one page … 17 s
High latency
 At the expiry of retransmission timer value, the TCP layer
resends the packet of data
 An average latency in a wireless network is around ½ s but can be
as high as 10s
 This can cause a lot of retransmission causing severe congestion

August 2002
WAP Programming Model

Gateway Web Server

Client Encoded Request


CGI,
Request (URL)
Encoders Scripts,
WAE And Etc.
User Decoders
Agent Encoded Response
Response (Content)
Conten
t
Internet and WAP architecture
Internet Wireless Application Protocol (most imp question )

HTML Wireless Application Other Services and


JavaScript™ Environment (WAE) Applications

Wireless Session Layer (WSP)


HTTP
Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)

TLS - SSL Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)

TCP/IP Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)


UDP/IP
Bearers:
SMS USSD CSD R-Data Packet UDP PDC-P Etc...
Wireless Application Environment (WAE)

• General-purpose application environment


based on a combination of WWW and
mobile telephony technologies.
• It defines the user interface on the phone. It
contains WML and WTA (Wireless
Telephony Application).
• Primary objective – interoperable
environment.
Wireless Application Environment
(Contd.)
• WAE includes a micro-browser (Client software
designed to overcome challenges of mobile handheld
devices that enables wireless access to services such
as Internet information in combination with a
suitable network) server environment which provides
– WML
– WML script
– WTA
– Content formats
Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)
• The WAP session protocol (WSP) layer provides
a lightweight session layer to allow efficient
exchange of data between applications.

• Application layer with a consistent interface for


two session services
– Connection-oriented service that operates
above the transaction layer protocol (WTP)
– Connectionless service that operates above a
secure or non-secure datagram service (WDP)

• Optimized for low-bandwidth bearer networks


with long latency
Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)
 Runs on top of a datagram service
The WAP transaction protocol (WTP) layer
provides transaction support, adding reliability to
the datagram service provided by WDP.
Light weight transaction-oriented protocol
Three classes of transaction services
Unreliable one-way requests
Reliable one-way requests
Reliable two-way request-reply transactions
Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)

Based on industry-standard Transport Layer


Security (TLS) protocol
Optimized for use over narrow-band
communication channels
Features:
Data integrity
Privacy
Authentication
Denial-of-service protection
Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)
The WAP datagram protocol (WDP) is the
Transport layer that sends and receives messages
via any available bearer network, including SMS,
USSD, CSD, CDPD, IS–136 packet data, and
GPRS.
Operates above the data capable bearer services
supported by various network types.
Provides a common interface to the upper layer
protocols and hence they function independent of
the underlying wireless network.
Bearers

Differing levels of quality of service with respect to


throughput, error rate, and delays
WAP protocols are designed to compensate for or
tolerate these varying levels of service
WDP specification lists the bearers that are supported
and techniques used to allow WAP protocols to run
over each bearer
DISADVANTAGES of WAP

• Small screens: For web phones, there's an incredibly small


viewing area; palmtops are barely better.
• Speed of access: All devices have slow access.
• Limited or fragmented availability: Wireless web access is
sporadic in many areas and entirely unavailable in other
areas.
• Price: Many technology limitations are being addressed by
higher-end devices and services. But the entry price for a
good wireless web palmtop with decent display, keyboard,
and speed is easily $700 to $900, not including monthly
access.
• Lack of user habit: It takes some patience and overcoming
the learning curve to get the hang of it -- connecting, putting
in an address, typing. Users just aren't used to the idea and
protocol yet.
•      
USAGE
- Corporate Applications: Sales force automation
where sales people use their WAP enabled handsets to
get instant, direct access to the latest pricing, latest
news, competitive information any time, anywhere.
- Online Services:
Banking: Users can get their current balance,
transfer funds between accounts and receive fax of a
mini-statement.
Electronic Commerce: Subscribers can use their
handset just like their PC to purchase products and
services over the Web.
- Tele services
Prepaid Services: With a WAP-enabled phone,
prepaid subscribers can see their current balance with
the press of a button. By pressing another button,
they can also recharge their account by entering a
credit card or voucher number into the handset.

- Personal Productivity
Email: Using WAP users can keep track of their
email right from their handset.
- Others include:
- Interactive Chat
- Auctions
- Games
What is iMode?
Goal: Easily enjoy Internet services on mobile
phone
Overlay on top of DoPa packet network
Subscriber:
 New, advanced services on mobile device
Operator:
A way to attract new users and increase revenue
Users charged on per-packet basis (~0.22
cents/128byte)
Payment collection for third-party information
providers

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