DATA PROCESSING/
ANALIZYNG SOFTWARE
Teknologi Informasi dan Literasi Data
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DATA AND SPREADSHEET
• What are data?
• What are statistics?
• What are spreadsheets?
• How can you analyze data with
spreadsheets?
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DATA
• Data are pieces of information that can
define subjects
• Data can be numbers, words, descriptions
• The word data is PLURAL, datum is
singular
TYPES OF DATA
• Numbers – two types
– Real #s – rational numbers – 57 years
– Integers – whole numbers – 170 lbs
• Letters – called characters in programming
– W is a character
• Words – called strings in programming
– “Bring them on” is a strings, can be individual words
or phrases
• Other : Image, Sound…
SPREADSHEET
• What Is Spreadsheet?
• A spreadsheet is a table of values
arranged in rows and columns.
Or
• An arrangement of cells in columns and
rows used to organize, analyze, calculate,
and report information, usually in
numerical form
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SPREADSHEET SOFTWARE
1. MS Excel (Microsoft Office),
2. Lotus 1-2-3 (Lotus SmartSuite),
3. Quatro Pro (WordPerfect Office),
4. Applixware Spreadsheet (Applixware),
5. StarCalc (StarOffice),
6. KSpread (KOffice),
7. Gnumeric (Gnome Office),
8. Siag (Siag Office).
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WHY MICROSOFT EXCEL
• There are several publishers who produce
excellent spreadsheet applications.
• Microsoft Excel is by far the most common
in non specialized trades and will prove
the most beneficial for your career.
– Many basic functions.
– Lots of statistical capability
BASICS
Columns – Letters
Rows - Numbers
Cell C14
Sheet Title
WORKBOOKS
• Every time you open a new file in Excel, it
forms a new Workbook.
• By default, a workbook is composed of 3
sheets.
– You can add or subtract sheets on an as needed
basis
– Sheets that relate to a similar topic are often
contained in the same workbook.
– Each sheet performs separately and can be
linked together with formulas (to be discussed
later).
ROWS AND COLUMNS
• Columns are vertical and are identified by a
letter.
• Rows are horizontal and are identified by a
number
• Cells are the individual “boxes” you see on
the screen. They are identified by the
combination of the letter of the column it
resides in and the number of the row it
resides in. i.e. Cell C14
BASIC MATHEMATICAL
OPERATIONS
• Excel will perform all basic mathematical
operations.
– Addition (+)
– Subtraction (-)
– Multiplication (*)
– Division (/)
BASIC MATHEMATICAL
OPERATIONS
• All operations must start with an equal
sign (=)
• Example
– To make Excel calculate 2+2, Enter the following.
The value will be calculated after you press enter
=2+2
– To make Excel calculate the sum of cells A5 and A6,
Enter the following. The value will be calculated after
you press enter
=A5+A6
Examples
Auto Fill
• Excel also allows us to copy formulas
down or across so we don’t have to
program them in for every cell.
• Simply click on the little black square in
the corner of a cell and drag down or
across.
Functions
• A function performs a certain task related
to the data entered in the cells.
• It allows us to perform basic programming
functions (don’t be scared….) on the
spreadsheet.
• There are hundreds of functions in Excel
Programming a Function
• Functions are programmed in a variety of
ways.
• As with operations, functions must start
with an equal sign.
• Whenever you begin to type in a function,
Excel will subprompt you for the
information required.
Programming a Function
• There is also an Insert Function Dialog Box.
– Very helpful as it describes all of the inputs and
outputs for each function and will actually program the
function for you if used properly
BASIC STATISTIC FUNCTION
• AVERAGE
• To calculate the average of a group of numbers,
use the AVERAGE function.
example =AVERAGE(D2:D5)
• MEDIAN
• To find the median (or middle number), use the
MEDIAN function.
example =MEDIAN(D2:D5)
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BASIC STATISTIC FUNCTION
• MODE
• To find the most frequently occurring number,
use the MODE function.
example =MODE(D2:D5)
• Standard Deviation
• To calculate the standard deviation, use the
STEDV function.
example =STDEV(D2:D5)
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BASIC STATISTIC FUNCTION
• Min
• To find the minimum value, use the MIN
function.
example =MIN(D2:D5)
• Max
• To find the maximum value, use the MAX
function.
example =MAX(D2:D5)
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DATA ANALYSIS
• Features Excel has to offer to analyze data. (Click the
link to show the content)
1. Sort
2. Filter
3. Conditional Formatting
4. Charts
5. Pivot Tables
6. Tables
7. What-If Analysis
8. Solver
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