Hybrid Vehicles: Aims and Objectives

Hybrid Vehicles
Aims and Objectives
Aim
•To be able to describe the operation of a vehicles hybrid system
Objectives
•To recognize the need for alternative fuels

• To be able to describe the operation of a hybrid system
•To be able to comment on the use of hybrid systems
Hybrid Vehicles
Why do we need alternative fuels?
We need alternative fuels as our supply of fossil fuels (that make petrol and diesel) are
becoming less and less.
To make an effort to reduce our carbon footprint.
To reduce the amount of harmful gases produced by vehicles.

Hybrid Vehicles
Question
In pairs discuss some other reasons why we might benefit from alternative fuels.
Hybrid Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Ethanol
Reduces the green house gases produced by vehicles, is commonly mixed with petrol to run
motor vehicles:-
E10 10% Ethanol 90% Petrol

E85 85% Ethanol 15% Petrol
(no difference in performance to the two)

Hybrid Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Ethanol Plus points Ethanol Negative points
•Lower Emissions •Flex fuel vehicle

•More resistance to engine knock •Lower energy content
•Added vehicle cost is minimal •Limited Availability
Hybrid Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Bio Diesel
Is made up of crops, or even old restaurant oil

Can be used on its own or blended with petrol
Hybrid Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Bio Diesel Plus points Bio Diesel Negative points
•Can be utilised in most diesel engines •May not be approved by the manufacture
•Less air pollutants •Lower fuel economy
•Biodegradable •More nitrogen oxide
•Non-toxic •Not suitable in lower temperature
•Safer to handle •Concerns over engine durability
Hybrid Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Natural Gas
Can be used to fuel the car as a gas or a liquid

Can be utilised within duel fuel vehicles
Stored in high pressure tanks (therefore two fuelling systems are required within the vehicle)
Hybrid Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Natural Gas Plus points Natural Gas Negative points
•60-90% less smoke producing emissions •Fewer miles per tank

•30-40% less Green House gasses emitted •Less available
•Less expensive •Limited to the type of vehicles it is
available on
Hybrid Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Propane LPG
Clean burning fossil fuel

Contains fewer toxins
Must have a separate fuelling system for the two fuels (petrol and LPG)
Hybrid Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Propane Plus points Propane Negative points
•Fewer toxins and smog emitting pollutants •Not currently readily available on newer
•Less expensive models
•Fewer miles available per tank of fuel
Hybrid Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is been readily looked at as an alternative for petrol/diesel.

Environmentally friendly fuel, however, there are challenges that stop this fuel being
currently widely used.
Hybrid Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Hydrogen Plus points Hydrogen Negative points
•Produced from several sources •Expensive

•No air pollutants produced •Fuel cells can be expensive
•Produces only NOX •Lower energy density then fuel
Hybrid Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Questions
Give two advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen fuel?

Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles
Can be split into two sections:-

Series and Parallel
Series
The vehicles Engine will drive the generator which in turn powers the vehicle.
Parallel
Engine and motor can be used to drive the vehicle, this system employs brake energy
regeneration.
This is the most favoured amongst manufactures.
Hybrid Vehicles
Question
What are the two sections that hybrid vehicles can be split into?
Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles
The main components include:-
Motor
High Voltage Battery
Power drive Unit
DC converter (direct current)
Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Uses a Power Split system
1)the high voltage battery provides power to the motor to drive the wheels
2)Wheels are driven by engine to power splitting device. The generator is driven by planetary
gears to provide the motor with electricity to drive the wheels
3)During de-acceleration energy is recovered at the wheels, the energy in converted to

mechanical energy to charge the vehicles high voltage battery
Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Power Splitter
Is a epicycle gear box, that transmits energy in main components.

Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
5 Operating Modes
Hybrid Vehicles
Question
Name one of the five modes that hybrid vehicles use.

Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Start up
Under normal conditions the motor will start the engine

Under poor start up conditions the 12v starting system will start the vehicle
Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Acceleration
DC is converted to AC via the power drive unit

This is used as supply to the motor
It is also used to supplement engine output
Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Cruise
Engine drives the motor (which acts as a generator)

The output current drives the motor
Converted to 12v DC supplies the vehicles charging system
Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Deceleration
Motor is driven by the wheels under deceleration conditions, regeneration takes place
Power drive unit converts AC current to DC current to charge the batter module.
Some energy is then used to charge the 12v electrical system.
If ABS senses wheel lock up, a signal is sent to the ECU and re-generation stops to prevent
interference.
Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles
Toyota Prius
Idle
The flow of energy is similar to that of cruising

If the charge of the battery is low, the ECU will raise the vehicles idle speed to compensate
for this.
Hybrid Vehicles
Summary - have we ?
Recognized the need for alternative fuels ?
Can we describe the operation of a hybrid system ?
Are we able to comment on the use of hybrid system ?

Hybrid Vehicles
Any Questions ?

Hybrid Vehicles: Aims and Objectives

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Hybrid Vehicles

Aims and Objectives

•To be able to describe the operation of a vehicles hybrid system

•To recognize the need for alternative fuels

Why do we need alternative fuels?

To make an effort to reduce our carbon footprint.

To reduce the amount of harmful gases produced by vehicles.

E10 10% Ethanol 90% Petrol

(no difference in performance to the two)

Ethanol Plus points Ethanol Negative points

•Lower Emissions •Flex fuel vehicle

Is made up of crops, or even old restaurant oil

Bio Diesel Plus points Bio Diesel Negative points

Can be used to fuel the car as a gas or a liquid

Natural Gas Plus points Natural Gas Negative points

•60-90% less smoke producing emissions •Fewer miles per tank

Clean burning fossil fuel

Propane Plus points Propane Negative points

Hydrogen is been readily looked at as an alternative for petrol/diesel.

Hydrogen Plus points Hydrogen Negative points

•Produced from several sources •Expensive

Give two advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen fuel?

Can be split into two sections:-

The main components include:-

Uses a Power Split system

3)During de-acceleration energy is recovered at the wheels, the energy in converted to

Is a epicycle gear box, that transmits energy in main components.

Name one of the five modes that hybrid vehicles use.

Under normal conditions the motor will start the engine

DC is converted to AC via the power drive unit

Engine drives the motor (which acts as a generator)

The flow of energy is similar to that of cruising

Recognized the need for alternative fuels ?

Can we describe the operation of a hybrid system ?

Are we able to comment on the use of hybrid system ?

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