04 - Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra
04 - Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
THREE BASIC TYPES OF LOGIC GATE
• AND GATE
• OR GATE
• NOT GATE
THE AND GATE
THE AND GATE
THE OR GATE
THE OR GATE
THE NOT GATE
• DUALITY PRINCIPLE
• States that every algebraic expression deducible from the
postulates of Boolean algebra remains valid if the operators and
identity elements are interchanged
• Example
• X+0=X dual X . 1 = X
PROOFS
• THEOREM 1(A): X + X = X.
STATEMENT JUSTIFICATION
X + X = (X + X) . 1 POSTULATE 2(B)
= (X + X)(X + X’) 5(A)
= X + XX’ 4(B)
=X+0 5(B)
=X 2(A)
• THEOREM 1(B): X + X = X.
STATEMENT JUSTIFICATION
X . X = X.X + 0 POSTULATE 2(A)
= X .X + X .X’ 5(B)
= X . (X + X’) 4(A)
= X .1 5(A)
=X 2(B)
• THEOREM 2(A): X + 1 = 1.
STATEMENT JUSTIFICATION
X + 1 = 1 . (X + 1) POSTULATE 2(B)
= (X + X’) . (X + 1) 5(A)
= X + X’ . 1 4(B)
= X + X’ 2(B)
=1 5(A)
ABSORPTION THEOREM
1. X + X•Y = X
2. X•(X+Y) = X (DUAL)
• PROOF:
X + X•Y = X•1 + X•Y
= X•(1+Y)
= X•1
=X
• ASSOCIATIVE , DEMORGAN'S THEOREM CAN BE
PROVED USING TRUTH TABLE
• (X+Y)’ =X’ . Y’
BOOLEAN FUNCT IONS
• F1 = X + Y’Z
SIMPLIFICATION OF BOOLEAN EXPRESSION
HOME ASSIGNMENT
COMPLEMENT OF A FUNCTION
PRODUCT OF MAXTERS
f1=(x+y+z) . (x+y’+z). (x+y’+z’)
(x’+y+z’) (x’+y’+z)
= M0 . M2. M3. M5. M6
• BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS EXPRESSED AS A SUM OF MINTERMS OR PRODUCT OF
MAXTERMS ARE SAID TO BE IN CANONICAL FORM
• An alternative procedure for deriving the minterms of a boolean function is to obtain The truth
table of the function directly from the algebraic expression and then read the Minterms from the
truth table.
PRODUCT OF MAXTERMS