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Electronic Circuits Unit-2

1. The document discusses MOSFET circuits including the MOSFET as a switch, CMOS inverter, MOS diode, MOS resistor, current sink, current source, and current mirror. 2. It also covers feedback amplifiers, effects of feedback, voltage and current series/shunt feedback amplifiers, and the Barkhausen criterion. 3. Finally, it summarizes the Wein bridge oscillator which uses phase shift to produce oscillations at the resonant frequency, and the phase shift oscillator which produces 180 degrees of total phase shift across multiple RC sections.

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Siddhasen Patil
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
167 views37 pages

Electronic Circuits Unit-2

1. The document discusses MOSFET circuits including the MOSFET as a switch, CMOS inverter, MOS diode, MOS resistor, current sink, current source, and current mirror. 2. It also covers feedback amplifiers, effects of feedback, voltage and current series/shunt feedback amplifiers, and the Barkhausen criterion. 3. Finally, it summarizes the Wein bridge oscillator which uses phase shift to produce oscillations at the resonant frequency, and the phase shift oscillator which produces 180 degrees of total phase shift across multiple RC sections.

Uploaded by

Siddhasen Patil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Unit II
MOSFET Circuits

By
Siddhasen R Patil
Contents
– MOSFET as switch
– CMOS inverter
– resistor & diode
– Current sink & source
– Current mirror
– Four types of feedback amplifiers
– Effects of feedback
– Voltage series & current series feedback amplifiers and
analysis
– Barkhausen criterion
– Wein bridge oscillator
– Phase shift oscillator
MOSFET as Switch
CMOS Inverter

Vin Vout
5V 0V
0V 5V
MOS Diode
• When Gate and Drain of MOSFET are shorted together, the I-
V characteristics are similar to PN junction diode.
• The MOS diode is used as a component of current mirror.
MOS Resistor
  𝐿
𝑟 𝐷𝑆= ′
𝐾 𝑊 (𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 𝑉𝑇 )

S
Current Sink
• Two terminal network
• Current flows from +ve node to –ve node.
Current Source
• Two terminal network
• Current flows from +ve node to –ve node
Current Source and Sink
Current Mirror
– If the gate source potential of two identical
MOSFETs are equal, the channel current should be
equal.
Current Mirror
– In this diagram ii is the current source while io is
the output or mirror current.
– M1 is in saturation since VDS1=VGS1.
– By assuming VDS2>VGS2-Vt2 , So io=ii.
Feedback Amplifier
• Some part or fraction of output is combined with the
input is called Feedback.
• Voltage gain, Input impedance, Output impedance,
Bandwidth are controlled by employing a feedback
network.
Feedback Amplifier
• Two types of Feedback;
– Positive Feedback
• Source signal and the feedback signal are in the same phase
• Thus, the feedback signal applied increases the strength of the
input signal.

– Negative Feedback
• Source signal and the feedback signal are out of phase with each
other.
• Thus, the feedback signal applied to decrease the strength of the
input signal.
Concept of Feedback
• Feedback network:
– Two-port network that contains resistors,
inductors, capacitors.
– Its function is to fed back some portion of output
to the input.
Concept of Feedback
• Sampling Network: Two types
– Current sampling network
• If FB ckt. smaple output when connected in series with
O/P.
– Voltage sampling network
• If FB ckt. smaple output when connected in series with
O/P.
Concept of Feedback
• Mixer: known as the comparator;
– It can be a series mixer or shunt mixer.
– It mixes the Vs and Vf signal thus produces positive
or negative feedback.
Concept of Feedback
• Vo = A(Vs ± Vf )
• Vf = βVo Vo(1+ AβVo) = Avs

• Vo = A(Vs ± βVo)
• Vo = AVs ± AβVo
Output Sampler Circuit
• The function of the sampling network is to provide a measure
of the output signal, i.e., a signal that is proportional to the
output.
• This configuration is called shunt connection.
Output Sampler Circuit
• The output current is sampled and the output
port of the feedback network is connected in
series with the load.
• This configuration is called series connection.
Mixer Network
• The circuit shown is a series connection with input signal.
• The amplifier input signal Vi is proportional to the voltage
difference Vs –Vf.
Mixer Network
• A shunt connection is shown in Fig. in which the
source signal and feedback signal are compared.
• The amplifier input is proportional to the difference
in Vs and Vf .
Types of Feedback
• Voltage Series Feedback Amplifier
− Output voltage sampled and feed in series with the input
signal.
Types of Feedback
• Voltage Shunt Feedback Amplifier
− Output voltage sampled and feed in shunt with the input
signal.
Types of Feedback
• Current Series Feedback Amplifier
− Output current sampled and feed in series with the input
signal.
Types of Feedback
• Current Shunt Feedback Amplifier
− Output current sampled and feed in shunt with the input
signal.
Effects of Feedback
• Negative feedback increases the input impedance of the amplifier.
• The output impedance of the voltage amplifier can be further
lowered by negative feedback.
• The transfer gain Af of the amplifier with a feedback can be
stabilized against the variations of parameters of the MOSFET.
• Negative feedback increases the bandwidth of an amplifier.
• Negative feedback increases the linear range of operation of an
amplifier.
• Negative feedback causes reduction in noise.
• Phase distortion is reduced.
Effect of Negative Feedback
•• Voltage
  Gain:
– The Voltage gain is given by
ACL =
The Feedback factor is given by
B=
The input voltage is
Vi=Vs - Vf
Vi=Vs – BVo
Vo = Av.Vi = Av.(Vs - BVo)
Vo = Av.Vs – Av.BVo
Vo(1+Av.B)=Av.Vs
ACL
Effect of Negative Feedback
•• Input
  Impedance:
– If no negative feedback is present in the amplifier, the input impedance is:

– With negative feedback, the input impedance is,


Zi

Vi=Vs - Vf
=Vs - BVo
=Vs - BAvVi
Vi(1+AvB)=Vs ……..(2)
Substituting for Vs from eq. 2 to eq. 1
Zi=(1+AvB)Zb
Effect of Negative Feedback
•  Output Impedance:
– The output voltage is given by
Vo = io.Zc - Av.Vf
ioZc = Vo+Av.Vf
ioZc = Vo+Av.BVo
ioZc = Vo(1+Av.B)
Zo =
Barkhausen Criterion
• The Barkhausen criterion states that:
– The loop gain is equal to unity in absolute magnitude, that is, | β A | = 1
– The phase shift around the loop is zero or 360o.
Wein Bridge Oscillator
• At low frequency Xc1 is very high and acts as
open circuit.
• At high frequency Xc2 is very low and acts as
short circuit.
Wein Bridge Oscillator
• In between these low and
high frequency i.e. called
Resonant frequency
Xc1=Xc2=R and the
magnitude of output at this
high frequency is high and
1/3 of the input voltage.
• Phase difference in between
input and output equal to 0o.
Wein Bridge Oscillator
• At resonant frequency the
phase shift of the overall
circuit is 0o.
• At resonant frequency the
input to amplifier is 1/3 of
output.
• If the gain of the amplifier
is 3 then the overall gain
of the circuit is 1.
Phase Shift Oscillator
• The output voltage of the
RC circuit for a sinewave
input leads the input
voltage.
• The phase angle by which
it leads is determined by
the value of RC
components used in the
circuit.
Phase Shift Oscillator
• The output voltage V1’
across the resistor R
leads the input voltage
applied input V1 by
some phase angle ɸo.
• R is varied to such a
value that makes V1’ to
lead V1 by 60o.
Phase Shift Oscillator
• Each section
produces a phase
shift of 60o.
• Consequently, a total
phase shift of 180o is
produced, i.e.,
voltage V2 leads the
voltage V1 by 180o.
Phase Shift Oscillator

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