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Experimental Study of Voltage Distribution Along String Insulator BY

This document summarizes an experimental study of voltage distribution along string insulators. It introduces string insulators and how they are used to support overhead power lines. A mathematical model is developed to calculate the expected voltage across each insulator unit in a string based on their capacitances. The model predicts the voltage will be highest in the unit closest to the power line and decrease along the string. Experimental results are presented in a graph, showing differences between theoretical and practical voltages likely due to limitations in the experimental setup and components. In conclusion, the first insulator unit experiences the greatest electrical stress due to its higher voltage.

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173 views14 pages

Experimental Study of Voltage Distribution Along String Insulator BY

This document summarizes an experimental study of voltage distribution along string insulators. It introduces string insulators and how they are used to support overhead power lines. A mathematical model is developed to calculate the expected voltage across each insulator unit in a string based on their capacitances. The model predicts the voltage will be highest in the unit closest to the power line and decrease along the string. Experimental results are presented in a graph, showing differences between theoretical and practical voltages likely due to limitations in the experimental setup and components. In conclusion, the first insulator unit experiences the greatest electrical stress due to its higher voltage.

Uploaded by

mr_mohan321
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF

VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION
ALONG STRING INSULATOR
BY
MOHAN RAJ.N
MOHAN.R
LOKESH.E
SANDEEP.M

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF


Dr.K.N.RAVI (EEE HOD)
INTRODUCTION
OVERHEAD line conductors are not themselves insulated, they should be
supported on the poles or towers in such a way that currents from conductors do not
flow to earth through supports (i.e. line conductors must be properly
insulated from supports). Insulator is a device, made of nonconducting
material, used to give support to electrical conductors and shield them from ground
or other conductors.

An insulator is a material that prevents the flow of an electric current and can be
used to support electrical conductors. They are mounted on a suitable cross-arm and
are required to give the necessary clearances between the line conductors, between
conductors and the ground, and between conductors and the pole or tower against the
highest voltage and worst atmospheric conditions to which the line is likely to be
subjected.
THE GENERAL CALCULATION FOR 4
INSULATORS

C C′ V1

Ic1 I1

C′ V2
C
Ic2 V
I2

C′ V3
C
Ic3 I3

C′
V4
I4
Let,
m = Capacitance per Insulator = C′
Capacitance per Ground C
Let V be the operating voltage (line to ground)
V= V1 + V2 + V3 + V4
I2 = I1 + Ic1
V2 = V1 + V1
(1/ωmC) (1/ωmC (1/ωC)

ωmCV2 = ωmCV1 + ωCV1 (ω angular frequency)


V2 = V1 (1 + 1/ m)

Also, I3 = I2 + Ic2
ωmCV3 = ωmCV2 + ωC (V1+V2)
V3 = V2 (1+1/m) + V1 / m
Substituting V2 by V1 and m
V3 = V1 (1 + 1/ m) 2 + V1 / m
V3 = V1 (1 + 3/ m + 1/m2)
Similarly V4 can be expressed as as,
V4 = V1 (1 + 6/m + 5/m2 + 1/m3)
Normally m>1
V1<V2<V3<V4
String Efficiency = Voltage across string
n * Voltage across unit adjacent to line

Where, n is the number of insulator units in the string


When n=4:

String Efficiency = (V1+V2+V3+V4)


4V4

GRAPH OBTAINED
PROGRESS
Advantages
• It provides better insulation for high voltage transmission lines.

• If there is a failure in some insulator in the string, then only that insulator
needs to be replaced. It is not necessary to replace the whole string.

• Since the conducting line and string swing together in case of wind
pressure, the mechanical stress at the point of attachment are reduced.

• The operating voltage of the existing transmission line can be increased by


adding a suitable number of discs in the string instead of replacing all the
insulators as is necessary in the case of pin type insulators.
Disadvantages

• Suspension insulator strings are more expensive when compared to pin type
and post type.

• The pin or post insulator requires a shorter pole to achieve the same conductor
above the cross-arm while the suspension insulator suspends it below the cross-
arm. Therefore, the suspension type required a longer pole to achieve the same
conductor height.

• Owing to the free suspension, the amplitude of swing of the conductors may be
large compared with that on a pin-type insulated line. Therefore, the spacing
between conductors in the suspension string type should be increased.
Reasons for differences between
practical and theoretical values

• The capacitors used may not be accurate

• We did not take into consideration the capacitance between the conductor and
the ground

• Internal capacitive components of the equipments used may have affected the
readings

• Noise in the measuring equipment may have affected the readings

• We have not considered the resistances when estimating the voltage drop
through a capacitor
CONCLUSIONS
If there is a self-capacitance alone, then charging current would have been the
same through all the discs and consequently voltage across each unit would have been
the same. The voltage impressed on a string of suspension insulators does not
distribute itself uniformly across the individual discs due to the presence of shunt
capacitance. The disc nearest to the conductor has maximum voltage across it, and as
we move towards the cross-arm, the voltage across each disc goes on decreasing,
because the charging current through the string has the maximum value at the disc
nearest to the conductor.

The unit nearest to the conductor is under maximum electrical stress and is likely
to be puncture. Therefore, attention has been paid for equalizing the potential across
each unit. If the voltage impressed across the string were d.c., then the voltage across
each unit would be the same, where the insulator capacitances are ineffective for dc.

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