Scribd
Upload
105 views16 pages

Power Electronics - Chapter 1 - Introduction

This document introduces power electronics and some basic converter topologies. It discusses DC-DC conversion, AC-DC rectification, DC-AC inversion, and AC-AC cycloconversion. The key aspects are efficiency, which leads to lower losses and smaller converter size, and the use of switches and filters to achieve voltage conversion. Example converters are the buck converter, which steps down voltage, and the boost converter, which steps up voltage. An H-bridge inverter is also introduced to produce an AC output. Applications discussed include power supplies, motor drives, and utility transmission systems.

Uploaded by

kennedy kipsang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
105 views16 pages

Power Electronics - Chapter 1 - Introduction

This document introduces power electronics and some basic converter topologies. It discusses DC-DC conversion, AC-DC rectification, DC-AC inversion, and AC-AC cycloconversion. The key aspects are efficiency, which leads to lower losses and smaller converter size, and the use of switches and filters to achieve voltage conversion. Example converters are the buck converter, which steps down voltage, and the boost converter, which steps up voltage. An H-bridge inverter is also introduced to produce an AC output. Applications discussed include power supplies, motor drives, and utility transmission systems.

Uploaded by

kennedy kipsang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Power Electronics

Chapter 1
Introduction
Introduction to Power Processing

DC - DC conversion: Change and control voltage magnitude


AC - DC rectification: Possibly control dc voltage, ac current
DC - AC inversion: Produce sinusoid of controllable magnitude and
frequency
AC - AC cycloconversion: Change and control voltage magnitude and
frequency

with feedback control


Efficiency of power conversion

Pout

Pin
1 
Ploss  Pin  Pout  Pout   1
 

High efficiency leads to low power


loss within converter
Small size and reliable operation is
then feasible
Efficiency is a good measure of
converter performance
A goal of current converter technology is to construct converters of small size
and weight, which process substantial power at high efficiency
Devices available to circuit designers

Signal processing avoid magnetics


Devices available to circuit designers

Power processing avoid lossy elements


Power loss in an ideal switch

Switch closed: v t   0

Switch open: i t   0

In either event: p t   v t  i  t   0

Ideal switch consumes zero power


A simple dc-dc converter

Input source: 100V


Output load: 50V, 10A, 500W
How can this converter be realized?
Dissipative realization

Resistive voltage divider

Series pass regulator: transistor operates in active region


Use of a SPDT switch
Use of a SPDT switch

The switch changes the dc voltage level


D = switch duty cycle
0  D 1
Ts = switching period
fs = switching frequency = 1/Ts

The DC component of vs(t) = average value:


1
 v  t  dt  DV
Ts
Vs  s g
Ts 0
Addition of low pass filter

Addition of (ideally lossless) L-C low-pass filter, for removal of switching


harmonics:

Choose filter cutoff frequency f0 much smaller than switching frequency fs


This circuit is known as the "buck converter"
Addition of control system for regulation of output voltage
The boost converter
A single-phase inverter

"H-bridge"

Modulate switch
duty cycles to
obtain sinusoidal
low-frequency
component
Some applications of power electronics

Power levels encountered in high-efficiency converters


 less than 1 W in battery - operated portable equipment
 tens, handreds, or thousands of watts in power supplies for computers or
office equipment
 kW to MW in variable-speed motor drives
 1000 MW in rectifiers and inverters for utility dc transmission lines

A computer power supply system


Applications

A variable-speed ac motor drive system

Elements of power electronics


Power electronics incorporates concepts from the fields of:
analogue circuits
electronic devices
control systems
power systems
magnetics
electric machines
numerical simulation

You might also like