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    Critical Regionalism in Architecture: By: Shipra Suvarna KIIT School of Architecture & Planning

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    Critical regionalism seeks to balance local needs and capabilities with progressive lessons from modernization. The term was coined in the 1980s to describe an architectural style that imparts a sense of place through sensitivity to local climate, materials, and culture. Examples of critical regionalism include works by Alvar Aalto, Charles Correa, and Geoffrey Bawa, who incorporated regional influences into their modern designs. Critical regionalism has been influential in post-colonial Indian architecture to counter homogenization from modernism.

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    Critical Regionalism in Architecture: By: Shipra Suvarna KIIT School of Architecture & Planning

    Uploaded by

    Shipra
    267 views30 pages
    Critical regionalism seeks to balance local needs and capabilities with progressive lessons from modernization. The term was coined in the 1980s to describe an architectural style that imparts a sense of place through sensitivity to local climate, materials, and culture. Examples of critical regionalism include works by Alvar Aalto, Charles Correa, and Geoffrey Bawa, who incorporated regional influences into their modern designs. Critical regionalism has been influential in post-colonial Indian architecture to counter homogenization from modernism.

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    Critical Regionalism

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    Critical regionalism seeks to balance local needs and capabilities with progressive lessons from modernization. The term was coined in the 1980s to describe an architectural style that imparts a sense of place through sensitivity to local climate, materials, and culture. Examples of critical regionalism include works by Alvar Aalto, Charles Correa, and Geoffrey Bawa, who incorporated regional influences into their modern designs. Critical regionalism has been influential in post-colonial Indian architecture to counter homogenization from modernism.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    267 views30 pages

    Critical Regionalism in Architecture: By: Shipra Suvarna KIIT School of Architecture & Planning

    Uploaded by

    Shipra
    Critical regionalism seeks to balance local needs and capabilities with progressive lessons from modernization. The term was coined in the 1980s to describe an architectural style that imparts a sense of place through sensitivity to local climate, materials, and culture. Examples of critical regionalism include works by Alvar Aalto, Charles Correa, and Geoffrey Bawa, who incorporated regional influences into their modern designs. Critical regionalism has been influential in post-colonial Indian architecture to counter homogenization from modernism.

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    of 30
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that critical regionalism seeks to balance local needs and capabilities with modernization lessons, and was coined by Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre in the 1980s.

    Critical regionalism is an architectural concept that seeks to balance local needs and capabilities with the progressive lessons of modernization. It imparts a sense of place and meaning to architecture by being sensitive to the local climate and constraints.

    Kenneth Frampton's six points for architecture of resistance are: 1) Culture and Civilization 2) The rise and fall of the Avant Garde 3) Critical Regionalism and World Culture 4) The Resistance of the Place-Form 5) Culture vs Nature 6) The Visual vs. the Tactile

    CRITICAL

    REGIONALISM IN
    ARCHITECTURE

    BY: SHIPRA SUVARNA


    KIIT School of Architecture & Planning
    Critical Regionalism, what does it mean…
    ⬗ Critical ⬗ The term Critical
    regionalism is an Regionalism was coined by
    architectural Alexander Tzonis and
    Liane Lefaivre in the
    concept that seeks
    early 1980s, and was later
    to balance local elaborated by
    needs and architectural critic and
    capabilities with historian Kenneth
    the progressive Frampton in his essay
    lessons of ‘Towards a Critical
    modernization. Regionalism: Six Points for
    an Architecture of
    Resistance’, published in
    1983.
    2
    ⬗ By using contextual forces, critical regionalism
    imparts a sense of place and meaning to
    architecture.

    ⬗ Critical regionalist designs are sensitive to the local


    climate as well as the technological constraints of
    the local building industry.

    3
    1. CRITICAL REGIONALISM AROUND THE
    WORLD
    • Modernism had let to a design trend where design was to be done for an idealist or
    create idealism everywhere. It was thought that by creating a standard design for
    all, architects would uplift the users by making them live in an ideal built
    environment.

    • This was an era where concepts like Bauhaus, ideas like House machine and usage
    of factory as metaphor for all building types had begun ruling the world of
    architecture.

    • If it was not for the revolution of Critical Regionalism, we all would have been
    living in the world of monotony and all hues of variance would have been lost.
    • It recognized that one person can’t dictate
    idealism for all. It was the theory which
    reinforced the ideals of modernity with a
    character of the region. By character, we
    don’t refer only to the folklore, arts and
    crafts but the climate, light, topography,
    tectonics, surrounding ambiance, etc. also.
    • This theory strengthened and protected us
    from the belief that humankind is a machine
    and they should all be treated as one and all
    their buildings should merely suit their
    function.

    • It understood the human nature where


    different societies have different culture and
    different ways to embrace the nature and
    situations, different ways to react and thus
    very different needs.

    6
    • Kenneth Frampton’s six points for architecture of
    resistance :

    1. Culture and Civilization

    2. The rise and fall of the Avant Garde

    3. Critical Regionalism and World Culture

    4. The Resistance of the Place-Form

    5. Culture vs Nature : Typography, Context, Climate, light and


    Tectonic Form

    6. The Visual vs. the Tactile


    “
    There is the paradox: how
    to become modern and
    return to sources; how to
    revive an old, dormant
    civilization and take part
    in universal civilization –
    Paul Ricoeur, History of
    Truth
    8
    Representatives of critical
    regionalism in architecture are for example:
    • Alvar Aalto
    • Mario Botta
    • Tadao Ando
    • Geoffrey Bawa
    • Charles Correa
    • Juha Leiviska
    • Rafael Moneo
    • Glen Murcutt
    • Raj Rewal
    • Jorn Utzon.
    9
    Critical regionalism explained
    by Tadao Ando:

    ZEN PHILOSOPHY (Buddhist principle)

    1. Minimalism (Social reform, way of


    living)
    2. Emptiness (Spiritualism, Serenity)
    3. Solid and Void (Positive and Negative
    Spaces): Yin yang
    Azuma House, Japan
    Tadao Ando
    Azuma House developed a theme of design, but also
    a social theme. Tadao Ando presented a cement box
    in the middle of a row of dilapidated wooden
    houses, of which there are masses in the central
    areas of Osaka, and created a highly self-sufficient
    living space within that box. Guaranteeing
    individual privacy (something which the
    traditional houses did not provide) and creating a
    residential space which allowed for the
    development of modern individuals. It is an
    expression of the belief that Ando had, that the
    home is exactly the construction which can
    change society.
    11
    Säynätsalo Town Hall, Finland
    Alvar Aalto
    Säynätsalo town hall is one of the key works of Aalto’s
    red-brick architecture, in which the human scale, simple
    and natural materials, as well as themes from the
    international architectural heritage come together in a
    unique way. The tallest element is the council chamber,
    thus demonstrating the hierarchy of the functions. The
    significance of the council chamber is also emphasized by
    the sculptural wooden rafters in the ceiling and the
    elegant interior. The hierarchy of the functions and
    spaces unfolds as subtle references in materials and
    details, and the carefully considered humane
    architecture continues in the building’s fixed and movable
    furniture and lamps. An intimate side passage to the offices
    encircles the courtyard, in which a fountain and bronze
    14 cast called “Dancer” by the sculptor Väino Aaltonen
    Kandalama Hotel, Sri Lanka
    Geoffrey Bawa
    • The tropical hideaway of the Kandalama Hotel allows
    visitors to explore the many wonders of Sri Lanka. This
    modern eco hotel is designed to blend into the jungle
    with a green roof and planted facade. Tucked away in a
    virgin tropical jungle overlooking the Kandalama tank
    and the range of knuckles hills, lies Kandalama Hotel
    occupying one of the most exotic sites in the heart of the
    Cultural Triangle. Archaeological, cultural and wildlife
    interests a bound. Tropical jungles, calm waters and the
    mountain rock countryside of Kandalama offer the eco-
    friendly visitor natural absolute luxury.

    17
    18
    19
    Other Notable Examples:

    ⬗ Expo 92 Japan Pavilion Seville 1992 by Tadao Ando

    ⬗ Bank for International Settlements,


    Basel, Switzerland by Mario Botta

    ⬗ Oris by Wang Shu, Li Wenyu

    ⬗ China Art Museum by Tadao Ando


    2. Critical Regionalism In Postcolonial INDIA
    • Critical regionalism has been an influential architectural approach in postcolonial
    Indian architecture.

    • Even before the term was coined in the 1980s, architects in


    India had subconsciously begun pursuing the ideas of critical
    regionalism in designing their buildings.

    • The degree of influence of critical


    regionalism on post colonial Indian
    architecture has varied over the course of
    time as a result of economic, political and
    social changes.

    21
    • Indian architects like Charles Correa, Raj
    Rewal and Balkrishna Doshi sought to
    overcome the dominance of modernism
    that they had themselves inherited through
    their Western education. They began
    incorporating the ideas of critical
    regionalism in their works to counter the
    homogenization of architecture resulting
    from modernism. Correa, Rewal and
    Doshi's works of 1980s acted as models for
    critical regionalist architecture in India in
    the decades to follow

    22
    Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya, Ahmedabad
    Charles Correa

    • Charles Correa designed the Gandhi Smarak


    Sangrahalaya (1962) at Ahmedabad using a palette
    of locally-available basic materials: brick walls,
    stone floors, wooden doors, louvered windows sans
    glass and handmade terracotta roof tiles (Figure 1).
    It was the simplicity of Mahatma Gandhi's life that
    prompted Correa to adopt an unheroic scale for the
    museum (Lang et al., 1997). The semi-openness of
    the museum and the asymmetric grouping of the
    modular units further allude to the random-ness of
    the Indian village

    23
    24
    25
    Andrews Ganj Housing, New Delhi
    S K Das
    • The land at Andrews Ganj was an attempt, which came under the
    integrated Urban Design project with the purpose of use as
    community Centre as well as Group housing. The entire project
    was segmented into major component, the community Centre the
    shopping Centre and residential zone accommodating general
    pool housing.
    ​
    • The idea behind the residential quarters was to emphasis on the
    conservation of land, a well balanced environment of the built
    form, open space linkages and the movement networks. The
    need was to provide for a low rise high density development
    predominantly four storied, which permits physical contact with
    the land and optimizes the use of the building material
    technologies, services and their maintenance.

    26
    27
    28
    Other Notable Examples:
    • Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (1977) by Balkrishna Dosh

    • National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi (1985) by Raj Rewal

    • International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi (1993)
    by Raj Rewal

    • Ahmedabad University's Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ahmedabad


    (2015) by Vir Mueller architects

    • Sri Dashmesh Academy, Anandpur Sahib, Punjab (1983) by Satnam & Namita
    Singh

    • The Yellow Train School, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (2013) by Chitra Vishwanath

    • Hotel Mughal Sheraton, Agra (1976) by ARCOP Design Group

    • Bait Ur Rouf Mosque by Marina Tabassum


    REFERENCES:
    • https://www.greenroofs.com/projects/kandalama-hotel/

    • An account of critical regionalism in diverse building types in postcolonial


    Indian architecture BY Sanyam Bahgan, Gaurav Raheja

    • https://www.historiasztuki.com.pl/kodowane/003-02-05-ARCHWSP-REGI
    ONALIZM-eng.php

    • https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/nptel_data3/html/mhrd/ict/text/1241070
    05/lec34.pdf

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