Action Research

Florence C. Mercurio
Principal III
ECTHARKSE
RESEARCH
OADBERLTIAV
VARIABLE
DNOIENSG
DESIGN
STISTECSAIDT
STATISTICS
 What is an Action Research?

Action research is a process of systematic inquiry to improve educational

practices or resolve problems in the classrooms and schools (Basic
Education Research Fund, 2015).

It is an interactive method of collecting

information that's used to explore topics of
teaching, curriculum development and student
behavior in the classroom.
 What is an Action Research?

 In education, action research is also known as teacher research.

 It is one method teachers use for

improvement in both their practice
and their students’ learning outcomes.

 The central goal of action research is positive educational change.

 Action Research is based on the following assumptions:

 Teachers and principals work best on problems they have

identified for themselves;

 Teachers and principals become more effective when

encouraged to examine and assess their own work and then
consider ways of working differently;
WHY DO TEACHERS
CONDUCT ACTION
RESEARCH?
Teachers conduct action research because;

1. it deals with their own problems, not someone else’s.

2. it can start now—or whenever they are ready—

providing immediate results.
3. action research provides them with
opportunities to better understand, and
therefore improve, their educational practices.
 Teachers conduct action research because;

4. as a process, action research promotes the

building of stronger relationships among staff

5. importantly, action research provides

educators with alternative ways of viewing
and approaching educational questions
providing a new way of examining their own
practices
 Guides and Pointers in Preparing a Research
Proposal
1. Allow ample time for proposal preparation

2. Start with a research proposal outline

3. Make the proposal simple and straightforward

 Guides and Pointers in Preparing a Research
Proposal

4. Be concise and Coherent

5. Be logical

6. Do not use abbreviations or acronyms unless

previously spelled out
 Guides and Pointers in Preparing a Research
Proposal
7. Quote and cite references accurately
8. Use standard Font (Arial) and size (11)
9. Write readably
10. Check formats, spelling and grammar
 Guides and Pointers in Preparing a Research
Proposal
11. Revise, revise, revise
12. End it
13. Be prepared to
a. make mistakes and learn
b. spend hours looking for information
c. have your proposal criticized
d. feel confused and hopeless sometimes
 Minimum Requirements of the Research Proposal

Basic Research Proposal Action Research Proposal

I. Introduction and Rationale (10pts) I. Context and Rationale (15 pts.)
II. Literature Review (10pts) II. Action Research Questions (30 pts)
III. Research Questions (20pts) III. Proposed Innovation, Intervention, and Strategy (15 pts)
IV. Scope and Limitation IV. Research Methodology
V. Research Methodology a. Participants and/or other Sources
a. Sampling (10 pts) of Data (10pts)
b. Data Collection (20 pts) b. Data Collection (10 pts.)
c. Ethical Issues c. Data Gathering Methods
d. Plan for Data Analysis (10 pts) d. Data Analysis Plan (10 pts)
VI. Timetable / Gantt Chart (10 pts) V. Action Research Work Plan and Timeliness (5 pts.)
VII. Cost Estimates (10 pts) VI. Cost Estimates (5 pts)
VIII. Plans for Dissemination and Advocacy VII. Plans for Dissemination and Advocacy
IX. References IX. References

Reference: DO No. 16, S. 2017

 ACTION RESEARCH PROPOSAL TEMPLATE
I. Context and Rationale
II. Action Research Questions
III.Proposed Innovation, Intervention, and Strategy
IV.Action Research Methods
a. Participants and/or other Sources of Data and
Information
b. Data Gathering Methods
c. Data Analysis Plan
V. Action Research Work Plan and Template
VI. Cost of Estimates
VII. Plans for Dissemination and Utilization
VIII. References
Developing the Title
 BELOW IS A LIST OF RESEARCH TITLES, IDENTIFY THOSE THAT
BELONG TO AR.
• MATHEMATICS COMPETENCIES OF ELEMENTARY PUPILS IN
KAGANDAHAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

• MANAGING CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR: THE PERCEPTIONS OF

NEWBIES

• FLIPPED CLASSROOM: ITS EFFECTIVENESS TO GRADE THREE

STUDENTS’ BASIC VOCABULARY SKILLS IN ENGLISH

• THE CLASSROOM AND ITS DWELLERS: THE CASE OF KASIPAGAN

SECONDARY SCHOOL

• ENHANCING THE LABORATORY SKILLS OF GRADE 8 SPECIAL

SCIENCE STUDENTS USING VISUAL SIMULATION STRATEGY
WHEN CAN WE SAY THAT A TITLE OF A
RESEARCH IS FOR AN ACTION RESEARCH?

1. IT MUST CONTAIN A SPECIFIC STRATEGY

2. IT MUST CONTAIN THE SPECIFIC

SKILL/COMPETENCY BEING IMPROVED
A. Descriptive
Focus of Investigation
Sentence with first words important

B. Concise and Precise

Not more than 14 words
Words and syntax accurate
C. Contains Keywords
Indicate to readers the content of the research

D. If the title contains more than one line, it must be

written like an inverted pyramid, all words in capital
letters.
Example of sexy research titles:

Cast from the Past: Using Screencasting

in the Social Studies Classroom to
Improve Students’ Engagement
 How to formulate Title for your Action
Research ?
1. Have your research question.
Ex. Why are my students always absent?
2. Think of possible alternative/ actions or intervention.
Home Visitation, Use of Cellphone in contacting parents, Use of Letter
to inform parents about absenteeism of their children, Funds of
Knowledge , etc.
3. Formulate a possible Title:
“ Reducing Absenteeism Among Grade 8 Students: The Home Visitation
Intervention”
I. Introduction/Context of the Research
 Includes the rationale for the research and relevant, social, policy,
or practice context for the study.

 The section should explain why the research study is being

undertaken and how the results could be used in action planning
and/or policy formulation and development

Need not be lengthy but must be comprehensive

 INTRODUCTION/CONTEXT RATIONALE

 What am I studying?
 Why is this topic important to investigate?
 What do we already know about this topic or what have
other experts discovered about
the topic?
 How will my research advance new knowledge or new
ways of understanding?
 INTRODUCTION/CONTEXT RATIONALE

1. Establish the problem or issue you want to research:

Highlight the importance of the problem/issue
Make general statements about the problem/issue
Step 1. Identify the problem

Reflect on your experiences and identify the most critical

problem that affects your students’ learning

One of the most prevalent issues in my classroom that affects

the learning of my students is
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
PURPOSE: To improve student learning.

HOW: - by identifying issues, concerns, and

problems that negatively affect student learning - by
developing and implementing a strategy/ intervention
to solve the problems
 Components of the Introduction/Context
and Rationale

Stress the value and relevance of your research.

Why is your research relevant?
What will it contribute to the field (and beyond)?
Why should we care about your research?
 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

State your research question, your

hypothesis and your knowledge claim,
making sure to place your research within
the gap in existing knowledge.
III. Research Questions
1.Main Question
 This is the research title written in declarative
sentence.

2. Specific Questions
 These are specific objectives written in interrogative
sentences.
TITLE:ENHANCING THE LABORATORY SKILLS OF GRADE 8 SPECIAL
SCIENCE STUDENTS USING VISUAL SIMULATION STRATEGY

Sample Research Questions:

This study aims to enhance the laboratory skills of Grade 8 Special Science
students using visual simulation strategy.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the skill level of the students before the use of visual simulation
strategy?
2. What is the skill level of the students after the use of visual simulation strategy?
3. Is there a significant difference between the skill levels of the students before
and after the use of intervention?
A research problem should be…

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time-bound
Step 2. Search the literature or interview your colleagues for
previous strategies / interventions used to solve this problem
(Refer to previous studies (use the internet if you do not have access
to journals) and see if there have been efforts done to solve the
problem or similar problems)

The strategies/interventions used before to solve this issue are the

following: (include the name of the author and the year of
publication and briefly discuss their findings)
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
__
 Literature Review
 take only those that are directly related your research in terms of the
objectives
methods
findings
 Your references must have a publication date within the last 5-10
years to ensure that you are reflecting the latest information/findings.
 Exceptions apply to theories, ideas, researches which are considered
seminal, landmark, or pioneering ideas
 Proposed Innovation, Intervention, and Strategy
This will be an intervention of some sort, perhaps a technique,
new environment or new material that you feel has potential to
correct the problem.

• It must be novel.

• It must not be copied from the internet (OR FROM OTHER

SOURCE); If it is, it must be altered so the researcher’s touch
can be felt.
Step 3. Develop a strategy / intervention

Based on previous studies, along with your experiences, develop a strategy/

intervention to solve the problem. Then, implement the strategy/intervention in
your classroom.

I will solve the problem by (your strategy/intervention- what will you do)
____________________________________________________________

The data that I will record include (the kind of data that you need to gather and
record will provide evidence to the effectiveness of your strategy/intervention)
____________________________________________________________
Step 4. Identify findings Analyze your data- looking for findings with practical
significance.

If you are dealing with quantitative data, simple statistical tools are enough. If dealing
with qualitative data (interview, observation, discussion) then look for recurring themes
or patterns.

The data show that

__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
The findings show that I have solved/have not solved the problem
because
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Research Methodology contains details of how
the research will be conducted.

1. Participants/Sampling
Details of who will participate in the study.
Characteristics of who will participate (inclusion
criteria)
How will the sample be selected
2. Data Gathering Methods
 The various instruments and procedures for data
collection should be outlined and extensively
discussed.

 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
a. Validated tests (quantitative)
b. Observations, Documentaries, Interviews
(qualitative)
4. Plan for Data Analysis

 How the data will be analyzed and reported

 Specify the qualitative/quantitative methods that will
be used.
 Statistical tools to be used in AR:
a. Frequency count
b. Mean
c. Test dependent ( one group)
d. T-test independent (two-groups)
VI. TIMETABLE/GANTT CHART

 Indicates when will the project begin and how long

will it take for it to be completed.

 Includes time estimates for each step in the research

process.
VII. COST ESTIMATES
 Detailed research cost, broken down per
research task, activity and/or deliverable
 Grouped by tranche

VIII. ACTION PLAN

 Indicate how the results of the action research
will be utilized.
IX. LIST OF REFERENCES

 Provide in text of work and reference list

 American Psychological Association (APA) style

should be used.
CRITERIA IN WRITING
ACTION RESEARCH

FLORENCE C. MERCURIO
PRINCIPAL III
 Research Title

The title clearly states the topic of the study.

 Rationale of the study

a. The research proposal presents a general description of

the topic.
b. The proposal has a comprehensive discussion of the
school situation.
c. The proposal discussed the main issue of the study.
d. The arguments presented are supported by relevant
data.
 Research Questions
a. Main and specific questions are present
b. Main question reflects the research topic and is in consonance with the
research title
c. Main question is written as a declarative sentence
d. The specific questions include the pre and past assessments of the
intervention
e. Specific questions are written as interrogative sentences
f. Specific questions are answerable by a yes or no
Proposed Innovation, Intervention and
Strategy
a. An updated/new innovation, intervention or strategy is presented
b. The proposed innovation, intervention or strategy is embedded in the DLL
c. The proposed innovation, intervention or strategy is supported by detailed
discussion of the activities to be done within the Specifies quarter
d. The innovation, intervention or strategy will be implemented for at least 12
weeks
 O DO LO G Y
5. M ET H
 Participants
a. The number of participants is specified
b. The inclusion criteria for the selection
of the participants is discussed
thoroughly
 Data Gathering Methods
a. The main instrument/s to be used is/are
specified
b. The mechanism to validate the
instrument is present
c. The instrument to be used in the study is
attached as annex
 Data Analysis Plan
a. The statistical tools that shall be
used to process and analyze data per
specific problem
b. The tools are defined with their
corresponding formula
 Action Research Work Plan and
Timelines
a. The timeline presented is within 6 months period
b. The activities to be conducted are clearly stated
 Cost Estimate
a. The estimated cost to be
incurred is specified
b. The items constituting the
cost are identified
 Plans for Dissemination and
Utilization
a. There is a detailed discussion on how to
disseminate the output of the study
b. There is a detailed discussion on how to
utilize the output of the study
 References
a. APA style was used
b. The entries are alphabetically
arranged
c. The 2nd the onwards of each entry
were intended to the right.