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    Harvard Archi

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    Win Revans
    The Harvard architecture is a computer architecture with physically separate storage for instructions and data. It allows the CPU to read instructions and access data from memory simultaneously. The word width, timing, implementation, and addressing can differ between the instruction and data memories. Some systems use read-only memory for instructions and read-write memory for data. The Harvard architecture allows computers to operate faster than the von Neumann architecture for a given complexity since it avoids contention between instructions and data on shared memory buses.

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    Harvard Archi

    Uploaded by

    Win Revans
    68 views10 pages
    The Harvard architecture is a computer architecture with physically separate storage for instructions and data. It allows the CPU to read instructions and access data from memory simultaneously. The word width, timing, implementation, and addressing can differ between the instruction and data memories. Some systems use read-only memory for instructions and read-write memory for data. The Harvard architecture allows computers to operate faster than the von Neumann architecture for a given complexity since it avoids contention between instructions and data on shared memory buses.

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    The Harvard architecture is a computer architecture with physically separate storage for instructions and data. It allows the CPU to read instructions and access data from memory simultaneously. The word width, timing, implementation, and addressing can differ between the instruction and data memories. Some systems use read-only memory for instructions and read-write memory for data. The Harvard architecture allows computers to operate faster than the von Neumann architecture for a given complexity since it avoids contention between instructions and data on shared memory buses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    68 views10 pages

    Harvard Archi

    Uploaded by

    Win Revans
    The Harvard architecture is a computer architecture with physically separate storage for instructions and data. It allows the CPU to read instructions and access data from memory simultaneously. The word width, timing, implementation, and addressing can differ between the instruction and data memories. Some systems use read-only memory for instructions and read-write memory for data. The Harvard architecture allows computers to operate faster than the von Neumann architecture for a given complexity since it avoids contention between instructions and data on shared memory buses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Harvard Architecture

    Harvard architecture
    • The Harvard architecture is a computer
    architecture with physically separate storage
    • These early machines had data storage
    entirely contained within the central
    processing unit, and provided no access to the
    instruction storage as data.
    • Programs needed to be loaded by an
    operator; the processor could not initialize
    itself.
    Harvard Architecture
    Harvard architecture

    • In a Harvard architecture, there is no need to make the


    two memories share characteristics.
    • In particular, the word width, timing, implementation
    technology, and memory address structure can differ.
    • In some systems, instructions can be stored in read-
    only memory while data memory generally requires
    read-write memory.
    • In some systems, there is much more instruction
    memory than data memory so instruction addresses
    are wider than data addresses.
    • Ex: Mark1
    Von-Neumann vs Harvard
    Architecture
    Contrast with von Neumann
    architectures
    • Under pure von Neumann architecture the CPU can be either
    reading an instruction or reading/writing data from/to the
    memory.
    • Both cannot occur at the same time since the instructions and
    data use the same bus system.
    • In a computer using the Harvard architecture, the CPU can both
    read an instruction and perform a data memory access at the
    same time
    • A Harvard architecture computer can thus be faster for a given
    circuit complexity
    • Also, a Harvard architecture machine has distinct code and data
    address spaces:
    • Instruction address zero is not the same as data address zero
    Von-Neumann vs Harvard
    Architecture
    Modified Harvard Architecture

    • A modified Harvard architecture machine is very much


    like a Harvard architecture machine, but it relaxes the
    strict separation between instruction and data while
    still letting the CPU concurrently access two (or more)
    memory buses.
    • The most common modification includes separate
    instruction and data caches backed by a common
    address space.
    • While the CPU executes from cache, it acts as a pure
    Harvard machine.
    • When accessing backing memory, it acts like a von
    Neumann machine
    • Ex: x86 processors
    Harvard Mark1

    The right end included data and program


    readers, and automatic typewriters

    The left end consisted of electromechanical


    computing components

    Closeup of input/output and control readers


    References

    Computer Architecture by William Stallings

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