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Chapter 5 Data Resource Management

This document discusses data resource management and database concepts. It defines data resource management as applying information systems technologies to manage an organization's data. It outlines the business value of data resource management and describes logical data elements, common database structures, the database development process, and major types of databases like operational, distributed, external, and hypermedia databases.

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Esra' A-Shbli
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227 views24 pages

Chapter 5 Data Resource Management

This document discusses data resource management and database concepts. It defines data resource management as applying information systems technologies to manage an organization's data. It outlines the business value of data resource management and describes logical data elements, common database structures, the database development process, and major types of databases like operational, distributed, external, and hypermedia databases.

Uploaded by

Esra' A-Shbli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5 Data Resource

Management
Learning Objectives
 Explain the business value of implementing data resource
management processes and technologies in an organization.

 Outline the advantages of a database management approach to


managing the data resources of a business

 Provide examples to illustrate each of the following concepts:


 Logical data elements.
 Fundamental database structures.
 Database development.
 Major types of databases.

2
Why Study Data Resource
Management
Today’s business enterprises cannot survive or succeed
without quality data about their internal operations and
external environment.

3
Data Resource Management

Definition

A managerial activity that applies information systems technologies


to the task of managing an organization’s data resources.

4
Logical Data Element

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Logical Data Element
 Character
A single alphabetic, numeric, or other symbol
 Field or data item
Represents an attribute (characteristic or quality) of some
entity (object, person, place, event)
Example: salary, job title
 Record
Grouping of all the fields used to describe the attributes of an
entity
Example: payroll record with name, SSN, pay rate
 File or table
A group of related records
 Database
An integrated collection of logically related data elements
6
Electric Utility Database

7
Database Structures
 Common database structures …
• Hierarchical
• Network
• Relational
• Object-oriented
• Multi-dimensional

8
Hierarchical Structure

 Early DBMS structure

 Records arranged in
tree like structure

 Relationships are one


to one

9
Network Structure

 Used in some mainframe DBMS packages


Many-to-many relationships
10
Relational Structure

 Most widely used structure


• Data elements are stored in tables
• Row represents a record; column is a field
• Can relate data in one file with data in another, if
both files share a common data element
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Multidimensional Structure
 Variation of relational model
• Uses multidimensional structures to
organize data
• Data elements are viewed as being in
cubes
• Popular for analytical databases that
support Online Analytical Processing
(OLAP)

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Multidimensional Structure

13
Object-Oriented Structure
 An object consists of
• Data values describing the attributes of an
entity
• Operations that can be performed on the data
 Encapsulation
• Combine data and operations
 Inheritance
• New objects can be created by replicating some
or all of the characteristics of parent objects

14
Object-Oriented Structure

15
Database Development
 Database Administrator (DBA)
• In charge of enterprise database development
• Improves the integrity and security of
organizational databases
• Uses Data Definition Language (DDL) to
develop and specify data contents,
relationships and structure
• Stores these specifications in a data dictionary
or a metadata

16
Data Dictionary
 A data dictionary
• Contains data about data (metadata)
• Relies on specialized software component to manage a
database of data definitions

 It contains information on..


• The names and descriptions of all types of data records
and their interrelationships
• Requirements for end users’ access and use of
application programs
• Database maintenance
• Security
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Database Development

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Data Planning Process
 Database development is a top-down process

• Develop an enterprise model that defines the


basic business process of the enterprise

• Define the information needs of end users in a


business process

• Identify the key data elements that are needed to


perform specific business activities (entity
relationship diagrams)
19
Types of Databases

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Operational Databases
 Stores detailed data needed to support business
processes and operations

• Also called subject area databases (SADB),


transaction databases, and production databases

• Database examples: customer, human resource,


inventory.

21
Distributed Databases
 Distributed databases are copies or parts of
databases stored on servers at multiple locations
Improves database performance at worksites
 Advantages
•Protection of valuable data
•Data can be distributed into smaller databases
•Each location has control of its local data
•All locations can access any data, any where
 Disadvantages
•Maintaining data accuracy

22
External Databases
 Databases available for a fee from commercial online
services, or free from the web

• Example: hypermedia databases, statistical


databases, bibliographic and full text databases

• Search engines like Google or Yahoo are external


databases

23
Hypermedia Databases
 A hypermedia database contains

• Hyperlinked pages of multimedia

• Interrelated hypermedia page elements, rather


than interrelated data records

24

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