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Lesson 1 The Cartesian Coordinate System

This document provides an introduction to analytic geometry or coordinate geometry. It discusses René Descartes, the French mathematician and philosopher credited with developing the Cartesian coordinate system. The document explains that in this system, every point in a plane is associated with an ordered pair of numbers, its x-coordinate and y-coordinate, representing distances along perpendicular axes. It also defines key terms like quadrants, axes, abscissa, and ordinate as they relate to the Cartesian plane. Several examples are provided to illustrate how to identify the quadrant or axis of different points based on the signs of their coordinates.

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Joy Christie Lanciola
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156 views

Lesson 1 The Cartesian Coordinate System

This document provides an introduction to analytic geometry or coordinate geometry. It discusses René Descartes, the French mathematician and philosopher credited with developing the Cartesian coordinate system. The document explains that in this system, every point in a plane is associated with an ordered pair of numbers, its x-coordinate and y-coordinate, representing distances along perpendicular axes. It also defines key terms like quadrants, axes, abscissa, and ordinate as they relate to the Cartesian plane. Several examples are provided to illustrate how to identify the quadrant or axis of different points based on the signs of their coordinates.

Uploaded by

Joy Christie Lanciola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTIVE 10

Joy Christie F. Lanciola


Analytic Geometry

Algebra Geometry

Also known as coordinate geometry


or Cartesian geometry
What is the name of the place and where
can we find it?
Rizal Park, Manila, Philippines
What is the name of the place and
where can we find it?
Statue of Liberty,
New York City, USA
What is the name of the place and where
can we find it?
Eiffel Tower, Paris, France
What is the name of the place and where
can we find it?
Merlion Park, Singapore
What is the name of the place and where
can we find it?
St. Peter’s Basilica,
Vatican City, Rome
CAN YOU LOCATE EACH
OF THESE PLACES
ON THE MAP?
Paris
France

New York Manila

Rome,
Italy Singapore
NOTE:

A place on the map is


described according to latitude and
longitude.
Can you illustrate how a place on
the map can be located using the
latitude and longitude, and vice
versa?
LATITUDE

WEST EAST

LONGITUDE
Lesson 1- Review

CARTESIAN
COORDINATE
SYSTEM
René Descartes, 1596 - 1650
René Descartes
 The French mathematician and
philosopher who is credited with
the idea of unifying algebra with
geometry. This field of study is
now called analytic geometry.
René Descartes
 He associated every point in the plane with
a pair of real numbers resulting in the xy-
coordinate system. This system is also
referred to as the Cartesian coordinate
system in his honor. It is also called the
rectangular coordinate system.
 In this system, every curve represents a
particular equation; every equation
represents a particular curve.
René Descartes
 He was the first to use the first
three letters of the alphabet
(a,b,c) for constants and the last
three letters (x,y,z) for variables.
 He also introduced the use of
exponents and the square root (or
radical) sign.
The branch of mathematics which deals with location of objects in
2-D (dimensional) plane is called coordinate geometry.
CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM…
Let’s go through one activity: Consider a glass kept on the table and you want
to define the position of that glass. As we see in the figure 3.1, the glass is near
two edges of the table i.e. left and bottom edge.

GLAS
S TABLE
TABLE

Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2

Now we can decide the position of the glass GLAS


as shown in figure 3.2. S
…is a system in which the location
of a point is given by coordinates
that represent its distances from
perpendicular lines that intersect at
a point called origin.
…in a plane (2D) has two
perpendicular lines (the x-axis and
y-axis).
…in the three dimensional (3D)
space, it has three (the x-axis,
y-axis, and z-axis).
Cartesian Plane

is also
called the
xy-plane
or the
rectangular
plane
Cartesian Plane
Formed by
intersecting
two
real number
lines at
right angles
REVIEW OF NUMBER LINE

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

1. What are the parts/composition of a number line?


2. Where is zero in the number line?
3. What integers can be seen on the left side of zero?
What about on the right of zero?
Coordinate Axis
On the x-axis,
Horizontal values to the
axis is right are
positive and
usually those to the
called the left are
negative.
x-axis or
axis of the
abscissa.
Coordinate axis
On the y-
axis, values Vertical
above the
origin are
axis is
positive usually
and those
below are called the
negative. y-axis or
the axis
of the
ordinate.
The Cartesian Plane is
divided into four
axes.
Along positive y-axis
Along negative x-axis

Along positive x-axis


Along negative y-axis
Cartesian Plane
All points are symmetric about the
origin ( mirror image).

- x --- + x

- y --- + y
Point of Intersection
The
intersection
of the two
axes is called
the origin.
The
coordinate of
the origin is
(0,0).
Quadrants

Each quarter of the


The coordinate graph, as defined by the
axes divide the intersection of the axis, is
whole plane called a quadrant, and
into four are labeled I through IV,
regions. going counterclockwise
from the top right.
Quadrants

Quadrant II Quadrant I
x < 0, y > 0 x > 0, y > 0

Quadrant III Quadrant IV


x < 0, y < 0 x > 0, y < 0
Quadrants
Identifying Quadrants
To determine the quadrant for a given point,
consider the signs of the coordinates.
QUADRANTS ABSCISSA) ORDINATE
(x-coordinate) (y-coordinate)

QUADRANT 1 + (Positive) + (Positive)

QUADRANT 2 - (Negative) + (Positive)

QUADRANT 3 - (Negative) - (Negative)

QUADRANT 4 + (Positive) - (Negative)


Coordinates
 Each point in the Cartesian
coordinate system is defined by an
ordered pair of the form (x, y).
 The first coordinate of a point is
called the x-coordinate or abscissa
.
 The second coordinate is called
Coordinates

Each point in (x,y)


the xy-plane (x,y)
is associated
with an
ordered pair (x,y)
(x,y)
(x,y).
Coordinates

Any point on
the x-axis has
coordinate of (-6, 0) (5, 0)
the form
(x,0).
Coordinates
(0, 6)

Any point on
the y-axis has
coordinate of
the form (0, y).

(0, -4)
Math Alert
The quadrants do not include
the axes.
A point on the x or y-axis is
not in a quadrant.
Examples:
Identify the quadrant or axis of
the following points.
1. A (-1, 2)
Quadrant 2 or Second Quadrant
Examples:
Identify the quadrant or axis of
the following points.
2. B (3, 7)
Quadrant 1 or First Quadrant
Examples:
Identify the quadrant or axis of
the following points.
3. C (0, 9)
Y- axis
Examples:
Identify the quadrant or axis of
the following points.
4. D (2, -5)
Quandrant 4 or Fourth Quadrant
Examples:
Identify the quadrant or axis of
the following points.
5. E (-6, 0)
x-axis
Let’s have a
Seatwork
Plotting Points in the
Cartesian Plane
(5, 4) is an example of
an ordered pair (5,4)

y-coordinate 4
x-coordinate
5
Plotting Points in the
Cartesian Plane
(5, 4) is an example of
an ordered pair (5,4)

Quadrant I
Example 1: It is like entering a
hotel. Plot (-3,4)
(x , y)
Up
th
e
ele
vat
or
in the door
(– 3,
Plot ( -3, 4)

(-3 , 4)

Quadrant II
Example 2. Identify the coordinates of
points C, D, E and F. In which quadrant
is each point located?
Example 2. Identify the coordinates of
points C, D, E and F. In which quadrant
is each point located?

(x, y) - Quadrant
C (4,5) - QI
D (3,-5) - QIV
E (-5,2) - QII
F (-3,-3) - QIII
Try This! Identify the coordinates of
points L, N, and O. In which quadrant
is each point located?
Example 3.Plot the
following points.
E(5, 0) F(0, 6)

G(– 4, 0) H(0, – 3)
F(0, 6)

G(– 4, 0) E(5, 0)

H(0, – 3)
What do you notice about
the points?
All points lie on the axes,
not in quadrants
Questions:
1. In which quadrant/axis do points lie if both their
abscissa and ordinate is positive?
2. In which quadrant/axis do points lie if their abscissa
is zero?
3. In which quadrant/axis do points lie if their
abscissa is positive and their ordinate is a
negative real number?
4. In which quadrant/axis do points lie if both their
abscissa and ordinate is negative?
5. In which quadrant/axis do points lie if their ordinate
is zero?
THANK YOU

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