SMART GRID

-CHANGE THE WAY YOU

USE

Presented By:
1. Sunil
2. Suryakant
3. Tanuj
4. Umesh
5. Urjit
6. Vaishakh
7. Vineet
8. Vivek K
9. Vivek N
 Introduction
 History
 Modernization of T&D
 Functions
 Features
 Information Systems
 Challenges
 Present & Future
déjà vu
Existing Infrastructure
Grid inefficiency
Why we need it ?

• If we could make
electric grid even
5% more efficient,
we would save
more than 42 GW
of energy: the
equivalent of
production from
42 large coal fired
plants.
Why we need it ?
What is smart grid ?
What is smart grid ?
 GOVT. ELECT. SUPPLY
1 MW SOLAR POWER PLANT

PDPU
HISTORY
 GRID

Grid is a term used for an electricity network which may

support all or some of the following four distinct
operations.
1. Electricity generation
2. Electric power transmission
3. Electricity distribution
4. Electricity control.
History of smart grid.
 Technological improvements of the power
system largely rose in the 50s and 60s.
 Nuclear power, computer controls helped fine
tune the grid’s effectiveness and operability.
 With today’s technology such as wireless
protocol, network infrastructure the power grid
becomes smart grid, capable of recording,
analyzing and reacting to transmission data,
allowing for efficient management of resources,
and cost-effective appliances for consumers.
History of smart grid.
 1980s, Automatic meter reading was used
 1990s, Advanced Metering Infrastructure.
 Smart meters used to monitor in real time.
 2000, Italy's Telegestore Project - to
network (27 million) of homes using smart
meters.
 Project cost of 2.1 bn euro
annual savings of 500 mn euro
MODERNIZATION OF
T&D
Smart Grid: Transmission and Distribution

 Smart Meters: possible for energy suppliers to charge

variable electric rates
 Peak curtailment/leveling and time of use pricing
 Platform for advanced services
 Provide reliability and power quality for the 21st century
 Effective routine operations
 Effective system planning capabilities
The Current T&D System
The Modern T&D System
Smart Grid Technology Areas

1. Advanced Metering Infrastructure 3. Advanced Transmission Operations (ATO)

(AMI)  Substation Automation
 Smart Meters  Geographical Information System for
 Two-way Communications
 Consumer Portal Transmission
 Home Area Network  Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS)
 Meter Data Management
 Hi-speed information processing
 Demand Response
 Advanced protection and control
 Modeling, simulation and visualization tools
2. Advanced Distribution Operations
(ADO) 4. Advanced Asset Management (AAM)
 Distribution Management System with
 Advanced sensors
advanced sensors
 Advanced Outage Management (“real-
 Integration of real time information with other
time”) processes
 Distribution Automation
AEF Study T&D Findings
Performance

Technolog
R&D
y

Renewabl
e Deployme
nt
Resources

Barriers Cost
FUNCTIONS
Funtions of Smart Grid
Self-healing
 Using real-time information from
embedded sensors and automated
controls to anticipate, detect, and
respond to system problems, a smart
grid can automatically avoid or mitigate
power outages, power quality problems,
and service disruptions
Consumer participation
   This takes shape in two forms – electricity
production and electricity consumption.  One
of the many benefits of the Smart Grid is its
ability to integrate renewable energy sources
into large scale electricity production.  
 Another is the ability to communicate in real
time on a broad scale to signal requests to
modify electricity consumption.  Both of
these benefits have profound, positive
impacts for consumers.
Resist attack / Electricity Theft.
 Smart grid technologies better identify
and respond to man-made or natural
disruptions. Real-time information
enables grid operators to isolate
affected areas and redirect power flows
around damaged facilities
 Accommodate generation options
 Integration of small-scale, localized, or on-
site power generation allows residential,
commercial, and industrial customers to
self-generate and sell excess power to the
grid with minimal technical or regulatory
barriers. This also improves reliability and
power quality, reduces electricity costs,
and offers more customer choice.
 Optimize assets and Enable high penetration
of intermittent generation sources.
 Optimized power flows reduce waste and
maximize use of lowest-cost generation
resources.
 Smart Grid technologies will enable power
systems to operate with larger amounts of
renewable energy resources since they
enable both the suppliers and consumers to
compensate for such intermittency.
FEATURES
FEATURES
Load adjustment

Demand response support

Greater resilience to loading

Decentralization of power generation

Price signalling to consumers

Load adjustment

 The total load connected to the power grid

can vary significantly over time
 A smart grid may warn all individual to
reduce the load temporarily or continuously
 It predicts how many standby generators
need to be used, to reach a certain failure
rate
 In the traditional grid, the failure rate can
only be reduced at the cost of more standby
generators
Demand response support

 Allows generators and loads to interact

in an automated fashion in real time,
coordinating demand to flatten spikes
 Allows users to cut their energy bills by
telling low priority devices to use energy
only when it is cheapest
Decentralization of power generation

 Distributed generation allows individual consumers

to generate power onsite
 Allows individual loads to tailor their generation
directly to their load, making them independent
from grid power failures
 If a local sub-network generates more power than
it is consuming, the reverse flow can raise safety
and reliability issues
 Greater resilience to loading
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND
MANAGEMENT
IN
SMART GRIDS
Driving Factors for SMART GRID
 Reliability and Quality and Supply
 Aging infrastructure of Transmission and
Distribution Networks
 The Environment
 Distributed resources – Renewable sources
 Demand side Management
 Operational Excellence
 Information Management
 Automation
Business Blocks of Smart Grid
SMART GRID – Bringing together enabling technologies, changes in
business processes, and a holistic view towards end-to-end
requirements of the grid operations.

Consumer-side capabilities and distributed generation technologies

form the base.
Achieving Benefit of Smart Grid
 A large scale implementation of Smart Grid
will have an impact on many utility systems
and process spanning over customer
services, system operations, planning,
engineering and field operations.
 Key requirements:
Systems Interoperability
Information Management
Data Integration
 Systems Involved in Distribution Smart
Grid
Distributed Resources Distribution Automation Advanced
Metering Infrastructure
SMART GRID brings improvement in
the System
○ Improved System Reliability
 Fully Integrated Outage Management System
Trouble Call, CIS, GIS, MDMS, DA etc.

○ Penetration of Distributed & Demand Side Resources

 Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Resources,
Demand Side Management

○ Asset Management
 Equipment Condition Monitoring
 Equipment Maintenance
 Dynamic Adjustment of Operating Limits
Enterprise Level Integration – DATA ASSETS

 Currently Limited Stalled Capacity for

Interoperability - Islands of Information

 Information – Enterprise Asset

 Need of the hour – Enterprise Level Integration

of Information to provide
Single, Consistent view of Information
Accurate Data
Timely Access
Enterprise Information Integration – Making
GRIDS SMARTER
Conceptually…

Enterprise Level
Information
Integration

Real-Time
Notification, Control Transaction Based
and Process Data Exchange
Integration
Hardware Supports
 Integrated Communications
 Sensing and Measurement
 Advanced Components
 Sensing and Measurement
Real time
Automated Meter Reading
Advanced Metering Infra
2-way communicator
Local mesh networked smart meter has a
hub which interfaces 900MHz smart meters
to the metering automation server via
landline.
Adjusts supply with demand
 Advanced Components
Present Network of Distribution
High Speed Computers
Mobile communication Towers
Control System Tools
Echelon
 NES-Networked Energy Services
 Components
Smart meters
Data Concentrator
System Management
○ NES Element Manager
 Installation, Monitoring, Performance Measurement,
Meter-to-data assignment, configuration etc.
System Software
○ Service Oriented Architecture
 Features of NES
ON demand reading
Load profiling
Power Quality Measurement
Flexible Tariffs Eg. time of use, critical peak, real
time, prepayment pricings
RF Extensions into home
T&D faults detection
Real time outage and theft detection
Reverse Metering for alternative energy
Uses Distribution Line Carrier
Reliability and Scalability
30 million Meters Saving 500million Euros/yearly
 Partners of Echelon
Oracle
Develco-RF
HCL
Lackman Metering-Meter Hardware
WiMet-Wireless Communication
Zirode-Implementing AMI
Onzo-Customer Intelligence
CHALLENGES FOR
SMART GRID
Security Challenges
 A recent project from security consultancy IOActive
determined that an attacker with $500 of equipment and
materials and a background in electronics and software
engineering could take command and control of the
[advanced meter infrastructure] allowing for the en
masse manipulation of service to homes and
businesses.

 According to a report in the National Journal last year,

hackers in China may have already used what little
infotech intelligence there is on the current power grid to
cause two major U.S. blackouts.
 Blackout attacks

 Data theft

 Billing frauds

The Road Ahead..

 Greater co-ordination in deployment and security testing

 Independent penetration testers

 Independent third-party security assessments

Political Challenge
 "Democratic congressional leaders and the Obama
administration indicated Monday" in "a clean energy
conference," which was "focused extensively on the
need for a national 'smart' grid," that "they will push for
greater federal authority

 The Wall Street Journal notes that the move "raises the

prospect of conflict between federal energy regulators
and state and local authorities, which have typically
wielded extensive influence over decisions on the
construction and location of new transmission lines."
 Utility giants say the U.S. government should have
sweeping powers to approve high-voltage lines, especially
if they're transporting renewable energy. While states
would have input," the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission "would have the final say and could allocate
the cost burden among customers in various states.

What needs to be done..

 Therefore, an understanding at the National level is

required for successful and quick implementation of a
project of such scale and scope. Greater transparency
and solid policy framework will be needed.
Financing Challenge
 Installation of 3,000 miles of transmission lines to carry
renewable energy to population centers and 40 million smart
electric meters in homes across the United States.

 Billions of dollars would be required for any nation of

comparable size to fund such a project.

 Newly proposed legislation would limit FERC's ability to

allocate the costs of new transmission lines. Now FERC
chairman Jon Wellinghoff says he agrees that only those who
benefit from new lines should pay.

 This makes it more expensive and difficult to finance new

projects.
Technological Challenge
 Standardization

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. According to

Section 1305 of the act, this interoperability framework “shall be
flexible, uniform, and technology neutral” and “align policy,
business, and technology approaches in a manner that would
enable all electric resources, including demand-side resources, to
contribute to an efficient, reliable electricity network.”

Some components, like the Power System Stabilizers (PSS)

installed on generators are very expensive, require complex
integration in the grid's control system, are needed only during
emergencies, but are only effective if other suppliers on the
network have them. Without any incentive to install them, power
suppliers don't.
 Complex Information & Communication
Systems

Most utilities find it difficult to justify installing a

communications infrastructure for a single
application (e.g. meter reading). Because of this, a
utility must typically identify several applications that
will use the same communications infrastructure –
for example, reading a meter, monitoring power
quality, remote connection and disconnection of
customers, enabling demand response, etc
Present & Future
Development
Traditional Grid
 Features:
 Grid are based on Large Power Stations
 Connected to high Voltage Transmission Systems
 They supply power to Medium & Low Voltage Distribution
Systems
 Power Flow in One Direction
 No Consumer Participation and end to end Communication
Time Frame Analysis-Pre 2010

Implications In Energy Management

 Substantial Power & Transmission Losses
 Ageing Infrastructure in most regions
 One Way Metering of Consumption
Post 2010

Advantages
 Several Small generating units
 Advanced Metering Infrastructure facilitates 2 way
Communication
 Increased Efficiencies
 Reduced OPEX & Environmental effects
Grids of Future
Features
 Accommodate Bi directional Flows
 Safety, Security, Reliability, Power Quality,
Cost of Supply & Energy efficiency –
examined in new ways
 Liberalization of Energy Markets
 Benefits of Competition, Choice & Incentives
 Thus there would be democratization of
energy
SUGGESTIONS
AND
QUESTIONS
INVITED