CCE20003 HGU

CCE20003 PROGRAMMING I
Lecture 13

Spring 2015

ICT Convergence Division

School of Creative Convergence Education
Handong Global University
OUTLINES CCE20003 HGU

Dictionaries
Named parameters
Files
Formatting
String methods

Reading assignment:
Chapter 13 of the textbook
Sections 14.1~14.5 in Chapter 14 of the textbook
DICTIONARIES CCE20003 HGU

Given the name of a country(key), how can we know the

medal information of this country(value)?

Use a dictionary!

A dictionary is a collection of items( or elements). It is

an object of type dict. Every item(or element) of a dictio
nary consists of a key and a value. The key is a value of
any immutable type and used as an index of the item.
 CCE20003 HGU

medals = {}
medals = {“United States”: (46, 29, 29), “China”:
(38, 27, 23), “Great Britain”:(29, 17, 19), ... ,
“Australia”: (7, 16, 12)}

>>>medals[“United States”]
(46, 29, 29)
>>>medals[“Rep. of Korea”]
(13, 8, 7)

>>>medals[1]
KeyError: 1
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Creating a dictionary
txt = (“one”, “two”, “three”, “four”, “five”)
num = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
dict1 = {}
for i in range(len(txt)):
dict1[txt[i]] = num[i]
print dict1

{'four': 4, 'three': 3, 'five': 5, 'two': 2, 'o

ne': 1}
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Search and change

>>>dict1 = {“four”:4, “three”:3, “five”: 5, ”two”:2,
“one”:1}
>>>dict1[“three”]
3
>>>dict1[“five”]
5
>>>dict1[“one”] = “nice”
>>>dict1
{'four': 4, 'three': 3, 'five': 5, 'two': 2, 'one': ‘nice’}
>>>dict1[“one”] = 1
>>>dict1
{'four': 4, 'three': 3, 'five': 5, 'two': 2, 'one': 1}
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Add and remove

>>>dict1[“nine”] = 9
>>>dict1
{'three': 3, 'one': 1, 'four': 4, 'nine': 9, 'five':
5}
>>>dict1.pop[“nine”]
>>>dict1
{'three': 3, 'one': 1, 'four': 4, 'five': 5}
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Traversing a dictionary
>>>dict1={'four': 4, 'three': 3, 'five': 5, 'two': 2, 'one':
1}
>>>for key in dict1:
print key, dict1[key]

four 4
one 1
five 5
three 3
two 2
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Converting to a list

>>>dict1 = {“four”: 4, “three”: 3, “five”: 5, “two”: 2, “one”: 1}

>>>lst = dict1.items()
>>>lst
[('four', 4), ('one', 1), ('five', 5), ('three', 3), ('two', 2)]
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Case study

Given a string, count the number of every character that

appears in it, using a dictionary.

stg = “maintain”

m a i n t
1 2 2 2 1
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stg = “maintain”
count = {}
For c in stg:
if c in count:
count[c] += 1
else:
count[c] = 1
print count

{'a': 2, 'i': 2, 'm': 1, 't': 1, 'n': 2}

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Now we are to invert the dictionary. In other words, we want to use th

e frequencies as keys.:
{ 1: [“m”. “t”], 2: [a”, “i”, “n”]}

count = {'a': 2, 'i': 2, 'm': 1, 't': 1, 'n': 2}

inverse = {}
for c in count:
frequency = count[c]
if frequency in inverse:
inverse[frequency].append(c)
else:
inverse[frequency] = [c]
print inverse

{1: ['m', 't'], 2: ['a', 'i', 'n']}

NAMED PAREMETERS CCE20003 HGU

In general, there is a positional correspondence betwee

n parameters and arguments: Arguments are mapped t
o parameters one-by-one and left-to-right.

def create_sun(radius, color):

sun = Circle(radius)
sun.setFillColor(color)
radius 30
sun.setBorderColor(color) color “yellow”
sun.moveTo(100, 100)
return sun
create_sun(30, “yellow”)
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Default parameters
def create_sun(radius = 30, color = “yellow”):
sun = Circle(radius)
sun.setFillColor(color)
sun.setBorderColor(color)
sun.moveTo(100, 100)
return sun
sun = create_sun()
star = create_sun(2) OK !
moon = create_sun(28, “red”)
moon =create_sun(“red”) Wrong !
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By using the names of parameters in a function call, th

e order of arguments does not matter.

moon = create_sun(color = “red”)

moon = create_sun(color = “red”, radius = 28)

moon = create_sun(color = “red”, 28) Wrong!

FILES CCE20003 HGU

Creating a file
f = open("cce20003/planets.txt", “w")
for i in range(8): Mercury
planet = raw_input (“Enter a planet”) Venus
f.write(planet + “\n”) Earth
Mars
f.close() Jupiter
Saturn
f.writelines((“Mercury\n”, “Venus\n”, … , Uranus
“Neptune”)) Neptune
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Reading from a file

>>> f = open("cce20003/planets.txt", "r")
>>> s = f.readline()
f is an object
>>> s, len(s)
of type file!
('Mercury\n', 8)

line separator
How to get rid of white space?
>>>s.strip(), len(s.strip())
(‘Mercury’, 7)
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Reading the entire file with a single statement

>>>f = open("cce20003/planets.txt", "r")

>>>f.readlines()
['Venus\n', 'Earth\n', 'Mars\n', 'Jupiter\n', 'S
aturn\n', ‘Uranus\n', 'Neptune\n']

We obtain a list with white space appearing again!

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Reading the entire file line by line

f = open("cce20003/planets.txt", "r")
for line in f: for-loop with the file object f calls
s = line.strip() readline() automatically at each
iteration and stops after reading
print s, the last line of the file.
f.close()

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Uranus Neptune

You may also use rstrip. Why?

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Finding the line containing “Earth”

f = open(“cce20003/planets.txt”, “r”)
count = 0
in_file = False Apply lower() to
for line in f: line.strip().
count += 1
if line.strip().lower() == “earth”
in_file = True
break Get out of the loop.
if in_file:
print “Earth is in line”, str(count) + “.”
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Appending a line

>>>f = open(“cce20003/planets.txt”, “a”)

>>>f.write(“ Pluto\n”)

What if we use “w” instead of “a” ?

FORMATTING CCE20003 HGU

Format string

lst = [(“Smith Young”, 1000), (“S. Joseph”, 100000),

( “Y. Kim”, 500), (“James Brown, 10000”)]
for name, money in lst:
print name, money

Smith Young 1000 Smith Young 1000

S. Joseph 100000 S. Joseph 100000
Y. Kim 500 Y. Kim 500
James Brown 10000 James Brown 10000
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Smith Young 1000

S. Joseph 100000
Y. Kim 500
James Brown 10000
11 2 6

………………………
for name, money in lst:
print “%-11s %6d” % (name, money)
2 spaces
left-aligned
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x1 = raw_input(“x1 = “) “60”
x2 = raw_input(“x2 = “) “150”
val = int(x1) + int(x2) 210
print str(val) + “ is “ + x1 + “ + “ + x2
210 is 60 + 150
val x1 x2
print “%d is %s + %s”% (val, x1, x2)

place holders
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Format operators
format string % (arg0, arg1, …..)
Every element in the tuple has its corresponding place
holder in the format string.

Place holders
%d integers in decimal
%s strings
%g floats
%f floats

%.5g # of significant digits is 5

%.5f # of digit after the decimal point
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Field width:
>>>”%8.3f %8.3g” % ( 123.456789, 123.456789)
' 123.457 123'
>>>name = “Joseph S. Shin”
>>>amount = 100000
>>>“%20s spent % 10d for shopping.” % (name, amount)
' Joseph S. Shin spent 100000 for shoppi
ng.'
>>>“%-20s spent % -10d for shopping.” % (name, amoun
t)
'Joseph S. Shin spent 100000 for shopp
ing.‘
>>>”My name is %-15s .” % name
STRING METHODS CCE20003 HGU

A string is an immutable sequence of characters.

in operator
>>>”abc” in “01234abcdefg”
True
>>>”fgh” in “01234abceefg”
False
A bit different from the
usage for tuples & lists
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String objects have many useful methods:

- upper(), lower(), and capitalize()

- isalpha() and isdigit()
- startswith(prefix) and endswith(suffix)
- find(str), find(str, start), and find(str, start, end)
(return -1 if str is not in the string )
- replace(str1, str2)
- rstrip(), lstrip() and strip() to remove
white space on the right, left, or both ends.
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>>> "joseph is My name".capitalize()

'Joseph is my name‘
>>>”12345”.isdigit()
True
>>>”This book is mine”.startswith(”this”)
False
>>>”This book is mine”.find(“book”)
5
>>>”This book is mine. That is also mine”.replace(“mine”, “yours”)
'This book is yours. That is also yours'
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String methods for converting between list and string

split() to split with white space as separator
split(sep) to split with a given separator sep
join(lt) to create a string by concatenating its
elements
>>> "I like\rthis\ncourse\tvery much.".split()
['I', 'like', 'this', 'course', 'very', 'muc
h.']
>>>lt = ['I', 'like', 'this', 'course', 'very',
'much.']
>>>” “.join(lt)
‘I like this course very much.’