Peripheral Nervous System Report

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Peripheral Nervous

System
Herjean Navarro
Gebriele Abenes
Table of contents

Peripheral
01 Nervous System
Somatic Nervous
03 System
Fight-flight reaction
Rest-digest
Autonomic Nervous
02 System
Parasympathetic Division
Sympathetic Division
Peripheral
Nervous System
- It refers to the parts of the nervous system
(nerves) that branch out from the brain and
spinal cord.
- It connects the central nervous system to the
rest of the body
Structure of a Nerve
Peripheral
Nervous System
It includes:
- cranial nerves
function: sensory, motor, or both
- spinal nerves
function: carrying messages
back and forth between
your body and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous
System
Peripheral Nervous System

The peripheral nervous system is divided


into two main parts:

- Autonomic nervous system (ANS)


- Somatic nervous system (SNS)
Autonomic
Nervous
System
Autonomic Nervous System

• It consists of neurons that receive information from and


send commands to the heart, intestines, and other
organs.
• It is the involuntary branch of the nervous system
• It consists of only motor nerves
Autonomic Nervous System
• divided into:
• Sympathetic nervous system
– mobilizes the body
• Parasympathetic nervous system
– allows body to unwind
Both involuntary movement of the
smooth muscle and glands of organs.
Sympathetic Nervous System
- network of nerves that prepare the organs for
vigorous activity
- thoracolumbar division

- Sympathetic:
sweat glands
adrenal glands
muscles that constrict blood vessels
muscles that erect the hairs of the skin
Parasympathetic
Nervous System
- also known as the craniosacral
system
- controls automatic processes
in the body like digestion, heart
rate, and respiration.
- opposite of sympathetic activities
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System
A comparison between Sympathetic and
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Parasympathetic

 Involved in maintaining
 Involved in the fight or flight
homeostasis and also, permits the
response.
rest and digest response.

 The parasympathetic system


 The sympathetic system prepares
aims to bring the body to a state
the body for any potential danger.
of calm.

 Sympathetic system has shorter  Has comparatively longer neuron


neuron pathways, hence a faster pathways, hence a slower
response time. response time.
Somatic
Nervous
System
Somatic Nervous System
● a component of the peripheral nervous system
responsible for nearly voluntary movements.
● It is responsible for all the functions we are aware of
and can consciously influence, including the
movement of our arms legs and other parts of our
body
● It contains two major type of neurons
● It processes reflex arc
Somatic nervous system
Contains both:

• Afferent nerves (sensory neurons)


- sends information to the brain and spinal cord

• Efferent nerves (motor neurons)


- sends information from the brain

These neurons transmit signal throughout the body.


Afferent Neurons VS. Efferent Neurons
Basis of Comparison Afferent Neurons Efferent Neurons
Meaning Carry sensory impulses Carry motor neurons from
towards the CNS the CNS

It contains Long dendron and short Long axon and numerous


axon and receptor dendrons

Cell Body The shape of the body is The cell body is shaped like
smoot and round a satellite

Situated in Present outside the CNS Present inside the CNS

Main function Transfer the messages or Transfer the messages or


signals from various organs signal from the CNS
to the brain and spinal towards various organs

Present in Ear, tongue, skin and nose Glands and muscles


Reflex
-is an involuntary and instantaneous movement in
response to a stimuli.
- does not require any thought input.

Reflex Arc
- path taken by the nerve impulse in a reflex
Afferent neuron and efferent neuron
How Somatic Nervous System works
Difference between Autonomic NS and
Somatic NS
Autonomic Nervous System Somatic Nervous System
Controls the involuntary Regulates the voluntary
movements of the body movement of the body
Innervates involuntary smooth Innervates skeletal muscles
muscles, cardiac muscles and
glands
Functions include posture and Functions include secretion and
external movement control of metabolism
Detects external stimulus Detects internal stimulus
Afferent nerves and efferent Sympathetic and
nerves are the two branches Parasympathetic are the two
branches
References:
• Chalk, C. (2009)
Neuropathy: Peripheral. 
Encyclopedia of Neuroscience
• Chawla, J. (2016) Peripheral
Nervous System Anatomy
• Kalat, J. (2008) Biological
Psychology Tenth Edition
• Marieb, E. (2003) Essenstials of
Anatomy and Physiology
Thanks!
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