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    8.2 Final Fracture Toughness

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    Henry Theodore Daquinag
    Fracture toughness (KIC) represents the critical stress intensity factor necessary to cause failure of a material containing a crack. It is a material property that depends on factors like crack size and applied stress. Materials with low KIC values like ceramics and glass are very brittle and susceptible to catastrophic failure. Transformations toughening and microcracking techniques can increase the KIC of ceramics by reducing stress concentrations at crack tips. Examples demonstrate using the KIC parameter and fracture mechanics equations to determine maximum stresses for given crack sizes in different materials.

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    8.2 Final Fracture Toughness

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    Henry Theodore Daquinag
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    Fracture toughness (KIC) represents the critical stress intensity factor necessary to cause failure of a material containing a crack. It is a material property that depends on factors like crack size and applied stress. Materials with low KIC values like ceramics and glass are very brittle and susceptible to catastrophic failure. Transformations toughening and microcracking techniques can increase the KIC of ceramics by reducing stress concentrations at crack tips. Examples demonstrate using the KIC parameter and fracture mechanics equations to determine maximum stresses for given crack sizes in different materials.

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    8.2-FINAL-FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS

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    Fracture toughness (KIC) represents the critical stress intensity factor necessary to cause failure of a material containing a crack. It is a material property that depends on factors like crack size and applied stress. Materials with low KIC values like ceramics and glass are very brittle and susceptible to catastrophic failure. Transformations toughening and microcracking techniques can increase the KIC of ceramics by reducing stress concentrations at crack tips. Examples demonstrate using the KIC parameter and fracture mechanics equations to determine maximum stresses for given crack sizes in different materials.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    71 views19 pages

    8.2 Final Fracture Toughness

    Uploaded by

    Henry Theodore Daquinag
    Fracture toughness (KIC) represents the critical stress intensity factor necessary to cause failure of a material containing a crack. It is a material property that depends on factors like crack size and applied stress. Materials with low KIC values like ceramics and glass are very brittle and susceptible to catastrophic failure. Transformations toughening and microcracking techniques can increase the KIC of ceramics by reducing stress concentrations at crack tips. Examples demonstrate using the KIC parameter and fracture mechanics equations to determine maximum stresses for given crack sizes in different materials.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    The passage discusses fracture toughness and how it relates to material properties and failure.

    Fracture toughness is represented by the symbol KIC and is the critical value of stress intensity factor necessary to cause catastrophic failure under loading.

    Factors like brittleness, ductility, crack size, and microstructure influence fracture toughness.

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    PRESENTATION

    FRACTURE
    TOUGHNESS
    is represented by the symbol KIC (pronounced “kay-
    one-cee”) and is the critical value of the stress intensity factor
    at a crack tip necessary to produce catastrophic failure under
    simple uniaxial loading.

    Play i More information Slide 4


    STRESS CONCENTRATION
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    WHERE:
    I=mode I (uniaxial)
    loading
    C =critical
    Y=dimensionless
    geometry factor on the
    order of 1
    =overall applied
    stress at failure
    a=length of a surface
    crack
    KIC=has units of MPa
    √m
    TYPES OF CRACKS
    FRACTURE MODES

    r
    FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TEST
    FRACTURE TOUGHNESS
    MICROSCOPIC CONCEPT
    – indicated by KIC

    • Highly brittle materials • Highly ductile alloys


    – have low KIC and are – can undergo substantial
    susceptible to plastic deformation on both
    catastrophic failures. a microscopic and a
    macroscopic scale prior to
    fracture.
    Designing a pressure
    vessel
    EXAMPLE:
    - The pressure vessel is convenient to plot
    operating stress as a function of flaw size.

    GENERAL YIELDING – INDEPENDENT OF A FLAW


    FLAW-INDUCED FRACTURE –

    An important practical point about the design plot is


    that failure by general yielding is preceded by
    observable deformation.
    As a result, flaw-induced fracture is sometimes
    referred to as fast fracture.
    Designing a pressure
    vessel
    • This figure illustrates that the
    mechanism of transformation
    toughening in partially stabilized
    zirconia (PSZ).
    - A propagating crack creates a local stress
    field that induces a transformation of
    tetragonal zirconia particles to the
    monoclinic structure in that vicinity.
    - The slightly larger specific volume of the
    monoclinic phase causes an effective
    compressive load locally and, in turn, the
    “squeezing” of the crack shut.
    Designing a pressure
    vessel
    • Microcracks purposely introduced by
    internal stresses during processing of
    the ceramic are available to blunt the tip
    of an advancing crack.
    - The expression associated with Griffith
    cracks indicates that the larger tip radius
    can dramatically reduce the local stress at
    the crack tip

    • Another technique, involving reinforcing


    fiber, will be discussed in Chapter 12
    relative to ceramic-matrix composites.
    PRESENTATION

    FRACTURE
    TOUGHNESS

    The absence of plastic deformation in traditional ceramics and glass


    on the macroscopic scale (the stress–strain curve) is matched by a
    similar absence on the microscopic scale. This is reflected in the
    characteristically low fracture toughness (KIC ) values (≤ 5 MPa √m)
    for traditional ceramics and glass, as shown in Table 8.3.
    EXAMPLE 8.2
    A high-strength steel has a yield
    strength of 1,460 MPa and a KIC of
    98 MPa √m.
    Calculate the size of a surface
    crack that will lead to catastrophic
    failure at an applied stress of 1/2
    Y.S.

    SOLUTION:
    We may use Equation 8.1 with the
    realization that we are assuming
    an ideal case of plane strain
    conditions. In lieu of specific
    geometrical information, we are
    forced to take Y = 1. Within these
    limitations, we can calculate

    subtitle
    EXAMPLE 8.3
    Given that a quality-control inspection can
    ensure that a structural ceramic part will have
    no flaws greater than 25 µm in size, calculate
    the maximum service stress available with (a)
    SiC and (b) partially stabilized zirconia.

    SOLUTION:
    In lieu of more specific information, we can
    treat this problem as a general fracture
    mechanics problem using Equation 8.1 with Y
    = 1, in which case

    This problem assumes that the maximum


    service stress will be the fracture stress for a
    part with flaw size = a = 25 µm. Values of KIC
    are given in Table 8.3.

    subtitle

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