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Distinguishing and Constructing Values Paper and Pencil Tests

This document provides guidelines for constructing effective multiple choice questions. It lists 12 rules for creating high-quality multiple choice test items, such as avoiding negatives, using short and simple sentence structures, making distractors equally plausible, and not revealing answers to other items. The document aims to help teachers and test creators construct valid multiple choice assessments that accurately measure students' knowledge and skills.

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Kristine Doniza
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475 views16 pages

Distinguishing and Constructing Values Paper and Pencil Tests

This document provides guidelines for constructing effective multiple choice questions. It lists 12 rules for creating high-quality multiple choice test items, such as avoiding negatives, using short and simple sentence structures, making distractors equally plausible, and not revealing answers to other items. The document aims to help teachers and test creators construct valid multiple choice assessments that accurately measure students' knowledge and skills.

Uploaded by

Kristine Doniza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 5: Distinguishing and constructing values paper

and pencil tests:

Constructing response type (true-false, matching type,


matching choice)
Educ 9
BSED 3C
KRISTINE DONIZA
A generalization of the true-false test, the
multiple-choice type of test offers the student with
more than two (2) options per item to choose
from.
The most widely used form of the test.
It can be a measuring Different kinds of content
and almost any type of cognitive behavior, from
factual knowledge to analysis of the complex data.
It is this feature of multiple-choice type tests that
allow the teacher to test higher-order thinking
skills even if the options are clearly stated. 
Multiple type of Test
 Each item in a multiple-choice test consists of two
parts: (a) the stem, and (b) the options/alternative
response.

In the set of options/alternative response, there is a


“correct” or “best” option while all the others are
considered “distracters”.
Rule 1: Do not use unfamiliar words, terms and
phrases. The ability of the item to discriminate or
its level of difficulty should stem from the subject
matter rather than from the wording of the
question.
Example: What would be the system reliability of a
computer system whose slave and peripherals are
connected in parallel circuits and each one has a known
time to failure probability of 0.05?
Rule 2: Do not use modifiers that are vague and
whose meanings can differ from one person to
the next such as: much, often, usually, etc.
 Example: Much of the process of photosynthesis takes
place in the:
a. bark
b. leaf
c. stem
Rule 3: Avoid complex or awkward word
arrangements. Also, avoid use of negatives in
the stem as this may add unnecessary
comprehension difficulties.
Example:
(Poor) As President of the Republic of the Philippines,
Corazon Cojuangco Aquino would stand next to which
President of the Philippine Republic subsequent to the
1986 EDSA Revolution?
(Better) Who was the President of the Philippines after
Corazon C. Aquino?
Rule 5: Do not use negatives or double negatives
as such statements tend to be confusing. It is
best to use simpler sentences rather than
sentences that would require expertise in
grammatical construction.
Example:
(Poor) Which of the following will not cause inflation in
the Philippine economy?
(Better) Which of the following will cause inflation in the
Philippine economy?

Rule 5: Each item stem should be as short as possible;


otherwise you risk testing more for reading and
comprehension skills.
Rule 6: Distracters should be equally plausible
and attractive.
Example: The short story: May Day’s Eve, was written
by which Filipino author?
a. Jose Garcia Villa
b. Nick Joaquin
c. Genoveva Edrosa Matute
d. Robert Frost
e. Edgar Allan Poe
Rule 7: All multiple choice options
should be grammatically consistent
with the stem.
Rule 8: The length, explicitness, or degree of
technicality of alternatives should not be the
determinants of the correctness of the answer.
Example: If the three angles of two triangles are
congruent, then the triangles are:
a. congruent whenever one of the sides of the triangles
are congruent
b. similar
c. equiangular and therefore. must also be congruent
d. equilateral if they are equiangular
Rule 9: Avoid stems that
reveal the answer to another
item.
Rule 10: Avoid alternatives that are synonymous
with others or those that, include or overlap
others.
Example: What causes ice to transform from solid
state to liquid state’?
a. Change in temperature
b. Changes in pressure
c. Change in the chemical composition
d. Change in heat levels
Rule 11: Avoid presenting
sequenced items in the same order
as in the text.

Rule 12: Avoid use of assumed


qualifiers that many examinees
may not be aware of.

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