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Analysis of A New Differential Protection Scheme of Long Transmission Line

This document discusses differential protection schemes for long transmission lines. It describes the classic design which can lead to unnecessary tripping during faults outside the protection zone. It then outlines the authors' proposed method which uses two parameters, the RMS differential current and a current direction indicator, to avoid unnecessary tripping during external faults. The minimum tripping current is based on factors like the estimated capacitive charging current of the line.

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Mohiuddin A Siddik
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71 views7 pages

Analysis of A New Differential Protection Scheme of Long Transmission Line

This document discusses differential protection schemes for long transmission lines. It describes the classic design which can lead to unnecessary tripping during faults outside the protection zone. It then outlines the authors' proposed method which uses two parameters, the RMS differential current and a current direction indicator, to avoid unnecessary tripping during external faults. The minimum tripping current is based on factors like the estimated capacitive charging current of the line.

Uploaded by

Mohiuddin A Siddik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THESIS ON

Analysis of a new differential protection


scheme of long transmission line.
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

Differential protection is based on the


fact that any fault within an electrical
equipment would cause the current
entering it, to be different, from the
current leaving it.

Analogue longitudinal differential


protection is used for shorter, single-
circuit transmission lines
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
• Figure shows the longitudinal differential
protection operating principle of the
differential relay.
• When fault occurs out side the protected
area the two terminal currents have same
distance and their current difference is
considerable. In this case, relay does not
trip.
• When fault occurs to protected zone the
right-side current changes its direction, Longitudinal Differential Protection of Power Systems Transmission Lines Using Optical Waveguide | IntechOpen
producing a significant current through the
differential relay and happens it’s tripping.
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

• Figure shows the tripping characteristic of the


differential relay ( Siemens:7SD503).

• Differential current is the difference between input


current and output current.

• Imin is set to 20% -50% of the rated transformer current.

• This parameters is for an actual system in non fault


condition.


CLASSIC DESIGN
• In classic differential protection device problem arise when fault occurs outside of the protection
zone due to transformer sat. current . This phenomenon leads to unnecessary relay protection
tripping. The leading relay protection manufacturer company’s have different methods to overcome
this problem which is based on the principles of additional stabilization and the.

• The Siemens corporation uses conventional differential protection logic, supplemented by the
additional stabilization principle & negative sequence current component. This equation are used for
calculating differential current & stabilization current.
Where IL = The left-end phase current
IR = The right end left current

• Negative sequence current component: In order to prevent unnecessary relay tripping during faults
outside the protected zone, ABB’s relays use the negative sequence component principle. The
stabilization current for all phases is taken to be the maximum value of all the phase currents and
differential current is calculated by the previous question.
Istab=
OURS APPROACH

• Our proposed method will all also eliminate the unnecessary relay tripping due to
occurring fault outside the protection zone.

• According to our formula, differential protection uses two parameters : The RMS value of
the differential current (Idiff) and the current direction indicator (IND) .

• In every sampling instant, current signal samples are brought into the relay from both the
left line-end (iL) and the right end (iR).
Differential current = The left-end phase current- The right-end phase current
Current direction indicator= The left-end phase current*The right-end phase current

• Using RMS and mean values prevents false relay tripping due to interference, noise. The
relay trips when both conditions, Idiff > Imin and IND ≤ zero. This means that the differential
current RMS value must be greater than the minimum tripping current.
OURS APPROACH
• Imin depends on several factors but the most influenced factor is the capacitive
charging current, which can be estimated on the basis of operational capacitance .
Where, Ic= capacitive charging current (A),
Un =rated network voltage (kV), fn = rated frequency (Hz),
Cd =longitudinal operational capacitance (nF/km),
L = line length (km).

• Unnecessary tripping during a fault outside the protected zone is avoided due to the
condition ,
Current direction indicator( IND )≤ zero

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