PHYSICS

Pre-University Course
http://fizica.utm.md/

An Introduction to Mechanics, Molecular Physics,

Thermodynamics, Electromagnetism and Waves
 Meet the Professors

Faculty Room Phone Office Hours E-mail Adresses

Mo 9 – 11
Dr. Tronciu V. 3 - 314 022 509 916 [email protected]
Tue 9 – 11
Mo 11 – 13
Dr. Sanduleac I. 3 – 605 022 509 912 Thu 9 – 11 [email protected]
Fri 9 – 13
Mo 11 – 13
Dr. Andronic S. 3 – 605 022 509 912 Thu 9 – 11 [email protected]
Fri 9 – 13

http://fizica.utm.md/
 Organization of Course
Basic Textbooks:
1. Douglas C. Giancoli, Physics for Scientists and Engineers
2. S. Targ, Theoretical Mechanics. A Short Course

For seminary:
see http://fizica.utm.md/data/rezolvarea_problemelor.php

Lecture:
~ 20, 30 mins – theory review
the rest of the time – problem solving & discussions
No mobile phones, laptops and other devices are allowed!

Seminary:
Problem solving & discussions
A notebook for both theory & problems
Do your homework (yourself)!
 Course content
• Mechanics

• Molecular physics

• Thermodynamics

• Electricity & Magnetism

• Waves
 International System of Units

Dimension SI (mks) Unit Definition

Distance traveled by light in

Length 1/(299,792,458) s
meters (m)
L

Mass of a specific platinum-

Mass iridium allow cylinder kept by Intl.
kilogram (kg)
M Bureau of Weights and Measures
at Sèvres, France
9,192,631,700 oscillations of
Time Cesium-133atom
seconds (s)
T
 International System of Units after 2019
International prototype Planck constant
kilogram (IPK)

# of atoms in 0.012 kg of
carbon 12

1/273.16 of the
thermodynamic temperature
of the triple point of water.
 Dimensional Analysis
Dimensions & units can be treated algebraically.

Variable from Eq. x m t v=(xf-xi)/t a=(vf-vi)/t

dimension L M T L/T L/T2

 Dimensional Analysis
Checking equations with dimensional analysis:

1
x f  xi  vi t  at 2
2

(L/T2)T2=L
L (L/T)T=L

• Each term must have same dimension

• Two variables can not be added if dimensions are
different
• Multiplying variables is always fine
• Numbers (e.g. 1/2 or p) are dimensionless
 Example 1.1
Check the equation for dimensional consistency:
2
mc
mgh   mc 2

1  (v / c ) 2

Here, m is a mass, g is an acceleration,

c is a velocity, h is a length

ML2/T2
 Example 1.2
Given “x” has dimensions of distance, “u” has
dimensions of velocity, “m” has dimensions of mass and
“g” has dimensions of acceleration.

Is this equation dimensionally valid?

(4 / 3)ut
x
1  (2gt 2 / x) Yes

Is this equation dimensionally valid?

vt
x No
1  mgt 2
Units, Dimensional Analysis.
 Vectors. Coordinate systems

Physical quantities:
• Scalar – mass, volume, time, electric charge
• Vector – displacement, speed, acceleration, forces, electric field
• Tensor – moment of inertia, electroconductivity…

F2 Fr Fres  F1  F2
F1

F1 Fr F2 Fres  F2  F1

F1 F res  F 1  F 2
Fres
Fres  F  F1
2
2
2

F2
Vectors projections

x
 Kinematics
• Kinematics is the mathematical description of motion.
The term is derived from the Greek word kinema,
meaning movement. In order to quantify motion, a
mathematical coordinate system, called a reference
frame, is used to describe space and time.

Uniform motion
Linear motion   const
  
  

x
S1    1 S 2    2    5 1  5S1
 Kinematics
Displacement. Projections
Speed is a scalar quantity that refers
to "how fast an object is moving." 

 S
Velocity is a vector quantity that

t
refers to "the rate at which an object
changes its position." Sx
x 
t

 x  x0  S x
S


S x   xt
х Sx
0 x0 x x
x  x0   x t
 Kinematics

1
1x  0 2 x  0

2 x2  x0 2   2 x t
x1  x01  1 x t  
1x 2 x
x01 0 x02 x

x x
1x х02

0
2 x t
х01
0
t
 Kinematics
Meeting point

x
x1  x01  1 x t
х02
x2  x0 2   2 x t
хm
x1  x2
0 x01  1 x t m  x0 2   2 x t m
tm t
х01
x02  x01
tm 
1x   2 x
 Kinematics. Average Speed

S1, t1 S2, t2 S3, t3

 Stot, ttot
 Stot
 av 
ttot
  
 S1  S 2  S3
 av 
t1  t 2  t3
 Acceleration
Uniform acceleration - is the rate of change of velocity of
an object with respect to time
х
 x  0 x 1
ax   02 х
t
 x  0 x  axt  01х
0 t
2

m
а1х  0
m
 а   2
s а2 х  0
s s
а1х  а2 х
 Balistic motion

у
g 
 x
0  
 y 
0 y
0
0 
0 x х

x  x0   x t  x  0 x  const
2
gt  y  0 y  gt
y  y0   0 y t 
2
 Vertical motion

 g
  0  gt
0 gt 2
y  y0   0 t 
2

  0  gt
 g
0 gt 2
y  y0   0 t 
у 2
 Rotational motion. The radian

A general Radian Angle () subtends an arc length (s) equal to R.

The theta () in this case represents ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT.
 Angular Velocity
Since velocity is defined as the rate of
change of displacement. ANGULAR
VELOCITY is defined as the rate of
change of ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT.

x
v  translational velocity
t

  rotational velocity
t
dx d
v  ,  1 revolution  2 radians  360
dt dt
T – period
υ - frequency
 Uniform rotational motion


0 
1 1   2  3  ...
  const
4
R 2 v  R
  
1   2  3

3
  const
Uniform rotational motion


0 0   
 
    0 
an 1  a 
1 t t

a  const
R
 t 

R 
 2
an   R
2

R
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