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Class 8 Basic English Grammar

This document provides an overview of basic English grammar concepts including phrases, clauses, and determiners. It explains that a phrase does not contain a subject or finite verb, while a clause contains both. There are different types of phrases such as noun, adjective, and prepositional phrases. Clauses can be main or subordinate, with subordinate clauses further divided into noun, adjective, and adverbial clauses. Determiners identify or specify nouns and include articles, demonstratives, possessives, distributives, interrogatives, and quantifiers. Articles are definite or indefinite, with "a" and "an" being indefinite articles used before countable singular nouns.

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Amit Kasnia
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3K views26 pages

Class 8 Basic English Grammar

This document provides an overview of basic English grammar concepts including phrases, clauses, and determiners. It explains that a phrase does not contain a subject or finite verb, while a clause contains both. There are different types of phrases such as noun, adjective, and prepositional phrases. Clauses can be main or subordinate, with subordinate clauses further divided into noun, adjective, and adverbial clauses. Determiners identify or specify nouns and include articles, demonstratives, possessives, distributives, interrogatives, and quantifiers. Articles are definite or indefinite, with "a" and "an" being indefinite articles used before countable singular nouns.

Uploaded by

Amit Kasnia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 8

Basic English Grammar


All the concepts of this book
are explained in the best
possible way so that the
readers i.e. not only children
but also the other people
whether they are child or
adult can understand the
concepts and solve all types
of questions related to that
topic without any
confusions.
Contents of the book

1. Phrases and Clauses


2.Articles and Determiners
3.Verbs: Present Tense
4.Verbs: Past Tense
5.Verbs: Future Tense
6.Active and Passive Voice
7.Modals
8.Narration
Chapter 1
Phrases and Clauses

What are phrases?

A phrase is a group of words within a sentence that does


not contain a subject or a finite verb.
A phrase does not express a complete idea and so cannot
stand as a sentence.

Example: Mother is making tea for the guests.

In the above mentioned sentences ‘for the guests’


does not contain a subject and a verb, so they are
phrases. Finite verb is the verb that is
usually the first verb in the

Note: sentence. It gets changed when


the sentence is changed by tense
or any word of the sentence is
changed
Types of phrases:
Phrases are of usually of five types:

1. Noun Phrase: The phrase that works as noun in a


sentence. Example: They want to go home.
2. Adjective Phrase: It works as adjective in the
sentence. Example: This ring is made of gold.
3. Adverb Phrase: It works as adverb in the sentence.
Example: Manan ran with great speed.
4. Prepositional Phrase: It works as Preposition in
the sentence. Example: The woman on the terrace is
waving wildly.
5. Verbal Phrase: The verbal phrase consists of either
of the three: ‘gerunds’, ‘participles’ or ‘infinitives’ as
its objects.
• Gerund Phrase: It starts with a gerund, uses
modifiers and other objects and acts as a noun.
Example: Sleeping late at night is not good for
health.
• Participle Phrase: It consists of present participle,
past participle, objects, modifiers and complements.
Example: The table made of teak is expensive.
• Infinitive Phrase: It starts with an infinitive and is
followed by objects and/or modifiers. Example: The
boy shouted to inform people about the fire.
Check your ability:
Identify the phrases and name its type:

1. The baby is wearing a beautiful pink frock.


2. Daddy always drives with care.
3. Grandfather likes to watch the match.
4. She likes reading good poetry.
5. They saw a truck damaged in an accident.
6. The lady in the classroom is our teacher.
7. The athlete from Sweden won the race.
8. The delivery man bought me pizza.
9. My uncle is a man of few words.
10.Our English teacher is seldom late for her class.
11. We are going on a picnic.
12.She really likes to dance.
13.The girl at the back is intelligent.
14.Rohit is a well behaved student.
15.In the end we all have our rewards.
16.My sister eats very slowly.
17.Waking late in the morning is not a good habit.
18.The lady making a noise is dumb.
19.She is singing in a melodious voice.
20.The man in the grey suit is smiling.
What are Clauses?

A group of words that has a subject and a finite verb


of its own and makes complete sense is known as a
clause.

Example: He is an honest man.


When she opened the door, I saw her.
When she opened the door, I saw her, and
she greeted me.

There are two types of clauses:


Main or Independent or Principal Clause
Subordinate or Dependent Clause
It contains a subject and a
Predicate and reflect a
Main complete meaning. Clause

It needs the help of main clause


Sub to make complete sense . It is of
Ordinate 3 types. Clause
Types of Subordinate Clause:
1. Noun Clause: It works as noun in the sentence.
It always starts with words; ‘that’, ‘if’, ‘whether’,
‘wh-question’ words such as ‘who, what, when,
and where’. Example: Whoever finished the
homework will go for the movie in the evening

2. Adjective Clause: It works as an adjective in the


sentence and modifies a noun or a pronoun. It
begins with a relative pronoun; that, wh-
question words such as ‘who, whose, which,
whom’ and is also a relative clause. Example:
Ravi rewarded the man, who returned his wallet.

3. Adverbial Clause: It works as an adverb in a


sentence. It modifies a verb, adjective clause or
another clause in a sentence. It starts by ‘so,
because, although, as if, if,’ wh-question words
such as ‘who, what, when, where, which.’
Example: She was at the market when the storm
started.
Check your ability
Identify the clauses and name its
types.

1. If you make a promise, you should stand by it.


2. I went to the school, where I received my primary
education.
3. He complained to the teacher, before I could
apologise to him.
4. I often wonder, how you solve all problems easily.
5. He built a school in the village, where he was born.
6. The baby looked, wherever his mother moved.
7. She says that it will not work.
8. She is the teacher, who taught me in Class IV.
9. I have a friend, whose mother is a lawyer.
10.No one noticed who was rendering the speech.
Chapter 2
Articles and Determiners
What are determiners?

Determiners are the words that identify or


specify the noun in a sentence. They are also
known as noun modifiers.
Types of determiner:
Determiners are of 6 types
1. Articles
2. Demonstrative determiners
3. Possessive determiners
4. Distributive determiners
5. Interrogative determiners
6. Quantifiers/ Numeral determiners

We will read about all of these


determiners in detail in this
chapter one by one.
Articles
An article is placed before a noun.
If there is adjective before a noun, it is placed before the
adjective.

Articles are also of two types . They are definite articles


and indefinite articles.
Indefinite Articles

‘A’ and ‘An’ are indefinite articles used before a


general, countable and singular common noun.
‘A’ is also used with countable words beginning
with consonant sounds. It is also used before
words with vowels that have a consonant sound.
Example: She is a mother of a son and a daughter.

An is used with countable words beginning


with vowel sounds.
It is also used before words with consonants
that have a vowel sound.

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