EML 3004C

CHAPTER ONE

General Principles

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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 1-1
 EML 3004C

Statics, Dynamics and Mechanics of Materials


Statics deals with the state of rest or motion of bodies with
constant velocities  F   M  0

In dynamics, the bodies are allowed to accelerate.  F   M  ma

Two Branches of static equilibrium
 Statics
 Mechanics of Materials
Statics
 Equilibrium of Bodies-material independent,
uses only static equations
Mechanics of Materials F  M  0
 Relationship between the external loads, the
intensity of internal forces and its deformation
response
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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 1-2
 EML 3004C

Basic Concepts

 Quantities 
Idealization

 Length (location, position,  Particle (neglect, size,

size) geometry)
 Time (succession of events)
 Rigid Body (all points
within remain in the same
 Force (Push, Pull) position, at fixed distances
from each other)
 Mass (Properties of Matter)
 ONLY THREE OF FOUR  Concentrated Force ( over
NEEDED (NEWTONS LAW) a very small area, zero)

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Physical Quantities

 Physical Qualities

 Mass,  Volume

 Force  area

 time  length

 distance,  displacement

 Density  velocity

 Temperature  acceleration

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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 1-4
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Scalar and Vector Quantities


Scalar Quantities
 Described by their magnitude, mass
 (italic form) or lower case (a for A)

Vector Quantities
 Described by a magnitude, a direction, and a point of
application
 (Bold Face) in the book
A,A
 Bar or Arrow in handwritten work
 Magnitude A or A (italic) or a =
A

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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 1-5
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Newton’s Laws

 Newton’s First Law

 A body at rest tends to remain at rest & a body in motion at a

constant velocity will tend to maintain the velocity.

 Newton’s Second Law

 Change of motion is proportional to the moving force

impressed and takes place in the direction of the straight line
in which such force is impressed.

F  ma

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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 1-6
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Newton’s Laws

 Consequences of Newton’s Third Law

 When two bodies interact, a pair of equal and opposite

reaction forces will exist at their contact point.

 This force pair will have the same magnitude and acts along
the same direction, but have opposite sense.

 The mutual force of action and reaction between two bodies

are equal, opposite, and collinear.

Kg = mass=[m] Newton = Force=[F]

Slug= mass =[m] lbf = Force = [F]

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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 1-7
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Gravitational Law

 Gravitational Law
m1m2
F G 2
r
G = universal constant of gravitation
 66.73 10 12 m3
kg  s 2
m1,m2 = mass of each of the two particles
r= distance

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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 1-8
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What is weight?

 Weight
If m1 = mass of the particle
m2 = mass of the earth
r = distance of the particle to the earth’s center
W = weight of the particle

m1 m2
W G 2
if r

Gm2
g 2
r
W  mg
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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 1-9
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Units


Units  SI (International System of
 Length, time, mass, force Units)
-basic quantities  Meter (m)
 Second (sec)
 Kilogram (kg)
F  ma  Newton (N)

(Note: we use bars to denote forces or vectors)  kg  m 

Ex : mass = 1kg N  2 
 s 
W  mg
W = 9.81N
g  9.81 m s 2

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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 1-10
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Conversion of Units


Conversion of Units

FPS SI
Force 1 lb = 4.4482 N
Mass 1 slug = 14.5938 kg
Length 1 ft = 0.3048 m

Ex:
2kN  1000 N  1lb   0.3048m 
2 kN    
m m  1kN  4.4482 N   1 ft 

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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 1-11
 EML 3004C

CHAPTER ONE.. concludes

General Principles

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Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 1-12