Chapter 16

JavaFX UI Controls and

Multimedia

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 Motivations
A graphical user interface (GUI) makes a system
user-friendly and easy to use. Creating a GUI
requires creativity and knowledge of how GUI
components work. Since the GUI components in
Java are very flexible and versatile, you can create
a wide assortment of useful user interfaces.

Previous chapters briefly introduced several GUI

components. This chapter introduces the
frequently used GUI components in detail.
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 Objectives
 To create graphical user interfaces with various user-interface controls (§§16.2–16.11).
 To create a label with text and graphic using the Label class and explore properties in the abstract
Labeled class (§16.2).
 To create a button with text and graphic using the Button class and set a handler using the
setOnAction method in the abstract ButtonBase class (§16.3).
 To create a check box using the CheckBox class (§16.4).
 To create a radio button using the RadioButton class and group radio buttons using a ToggleGroup
(§16.5).
 To enter data using the TextField class (§16.6).
 To enter data in multiple lines using the TextArea class (§16.7).
 To select a single item using ComboBox (§16.8).
 To select a single or multiple items using ListView (§16.9).
 To select a range of values using ScrollBar (§16.10).
 To select a range of values using Slider and explore differences between ScrollBar and Slider
(§16.11).
 To view and play video and audio using the Media, MediaPlayer, and MediaView (§16.13).
 To develop a case study for showing the national flag and play anthem (§16.14).

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 Frequently Used UI Controls

Throughout this book, the prefixes lbl, bt, chk, rb, tf, pf, ta, cbo, lv,
scb, sld, and mp are used to name reference variables for Label,
Button, CheckBox, RadioButton, TextField, PasswordField,
TextArea, ComboBox, ListView, ScrollBar, Slider, and
MediaPlayer.
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 Labeled
A label is a display area for a short text, a node, or both. It is often
used to label other controls (usually text fields). Labels and buttons
share many common properties. These common properties are
defined in the Labeled class.

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 Label
The Label class defines labels.

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 Label Example
This example display several labels with text and images
in the label.

LabelWithGraphic

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public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
ImageView us = new ImageView(new Image("image/us.gif"));
Label lb1 = new Label("US\n50 States", us);
lb1.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green; -fx-border-width: 2");
lb1.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.BOTTOM);
lb1.setTextFill(Color.RED);

Label lb2 = new Label("Circle", new Circle(50, 50, 25));

lb2.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.TOP);
lb2.setTextFill(Color.ORANGE);

Label lb3 = new Label("Rectangle", new Rectangle(10, 10, 50, 25));

lb3.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.RIGHT);

Label lb4 = new Label("Ellipse", new Ellipse(50, 50, 50, 25));

lb4.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.LEFT);

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 Ellipse ellipse = new Ellipse(50, 50, 50, 25);
ellipse.setStroke(Color.GREEN);
ellipse.setFill(Color.WHITE);
StackPane stackPane = new StackPane();
stackPane.getChildren().addAll(ellipse, new Label("JavaFX"));
Label lb5 = new Label("A pane inside a label", stackPane);
lb5.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.BOTTOM);

HBox pane = new HBox(20);

pane.getChildren().addAll(lb1, lb2, lb3, lb4, lb5);

// Create a scene and place it in the stage

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 450, 150);
primaryStage.setTitle("LabelWithGraphic");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
}

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 ButtonBase and Button
A button is a control that triggers an action event when clicked.
JavaFX provides regular buttons, toggle buttons, check box
buttons, and radio buttons. The common features of these buttons
are defined in ButtonBase and Labeled classes.

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 Button Example

ButtonDemo

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public class ButtonDemo extends Application {
protected Text text = new Text(50, 50, "JavaFX Programming");

protected BorderPane getPane() {

HBox paneForButtons = new HBox(20);
Button btLeft = new Button("Left",
new ImageView("image/left.gif"));
Button btRight = new Button("Right",
new ImageView("image/right.gif"));
paneForButtons.getChildren().addAll(btLeft, btRight);
paneForButtons.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
paneForButtons.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green");

BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();

pane.setBottom(paneForButtons);

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 Pane paneForText = new Pane();
paneForText.getChildren().add(text);
pane.setCenter(paneForText);

btLeft.setOnAction(e -> text.setX(text.getX() - 10));

btRight.setOnAction(e -> text.setX(text.getX() + 10));

return pane;
}

@Override // Override the start method in the Application class

public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(getPane(), 450, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("ButtonDemo"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}
}
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 CheckBox
A CheckBox is used for the user to make a selection. Like Button,
CheckBox inherits all the properties such as onAction, text,
graphic, alignment, graphicTextGap, textFill, contentDisplay
from ButtonBase and Labeled.

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 CheckBox Example

CheckBoxDemo

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public class CheckBoxDemo extends ButtonDemo {
@Override // Override the getPane() method in the super class
protected BorderPane getPane() {
BorderPane pane = super.getPane();

Font fontBoldItalic = Font.font("Times New Roman",

FontWeight.BOLD, FontPosture.ITALIC, 20);
Font fontBold = Font.font("Times New Roman",
FontWeight.BOLD, FontPosture.REGULAR, 20);
Font fontItalic = Font.font("Times New Roman",
FontWeight.NORMAL, FontPosture.ITALIC, 20);
Font fontNormal = Font.font("Times New Roman",
FontWeight.NORMAL, FontPosture.REGULAR, 20);

text.setFont(fontNormal);

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VBox paneForCheckBoxes = new VBox(20);
paneForCheckBoxes.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
paneForCheckBoxes.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green");
CheckBox chkBold = new CheckBox("Bold");
CheckBox chkItalic = new CheckBox("Italic");
paneForCheckBoxes.getChildren().addAll(chkBold, chkItalic);
pane.setRight(paneForCheckBoxes);

EventHandler<ActionEvent> handler = e -> {

if (chkBold.isSelected() && chkItalic.isSelected()) {
text.setFont(fontBoldItalic); // Both check boxes checked
}
else if (chkBold.isSelected()) {
text.setFont(fontBold); // The Bold check box checked
}
else if (chkItalic.isSelected()) {
text.setFont(fontItalic); // The Italic check box checked
}
else {
text.setFont(fontNormal); // Both check boxes unchecked
}
};
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 chkBold.setOnAction(handler);
chkItalic.setOnAction(handler);

return pane; // Return a new pane

}
}

The start method for this JavaFX program is defined in

ButtonDemo and inherited in this program.

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 RadioButton
 Radio buttons, also known as option buttons, enable you to
choose a single item from a group of choices.
 In appearance radio buttons resemble check boxes, but check
boxes display a square that is either checked or blank, whereas
radio buttons display a circle that is either filled (if selected) or
blank (if not selected).
 To group radio buttons, you need to create an instance of
ToggleGroup and set a radio button's toggleGroup property to
join the group.

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 RadioButton

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RadioButton Example

RadioButtonDemo

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public class RadioButtonDemo extends CheckBoxDemo {
@Override // Override the getPane() method in the super class
protected BorderPane getPane() {
BorderPane pane = super.getPane();

VBox paneForRadioButtons = new VBox(20);

paneForRadioButtons.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
paneForRadioButtons.setStyle
("-fx-border-width: 2px; -fx-border-color: green");

RadioButton rbRed = new RadioButton("Red");

RadioButton rbGreen = new RadioButton("Green");
RadioButton rbBlue = new RadioButton("Blue");
paneForRadioButtons.getChildren().addAll(rbRed, rbGreen, rbBlue);
pane.setLeft(paneForRadioButtons);

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 ToggleGroup group = new ToggleGroup();
rbRed.setToggleGroup(group);
rbGreen.setToggleGroup(group);
rbBlue.setToggleGroup(group);

rbRed.setOnAction(e -> {
if (rbRed.isSelected()) {
text.setFill(Color.RED);
}
});

rbGreen.setOnAction(e -> {
if (rbGreen.isSelected()) {
text.setFill(Color.GREEN);
}
});

rbBlue.setOnAction(e -> {
if (rbBlue.isSelected()) {
text.setFill(Color.BLUE);
}
});
return pane;
} Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All
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}
 TextField
A text field can be used to enter or display a string. TextField is a
subclass of TextInputControl.

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 TextField Example
When you move the cursor in the text field and press the
Enter key, it fires an ActionEvent.

Type in a new text

TextFieldDemo

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public class TextFieldDemo extends RadioButtonDemo {
@Override // Override the getPane() method in the super class
protected BorderPane getPane() {
BorderPane pane = super.getPane();

BorderPane paneForTextField = new BorderPane();

paneForTextField.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
paneForTextField.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green");
paneForTextField.setLeft(new Label("Enter a new message: "));

TextField tf = new TextField();

tf.setAlignment(Pos.BOTTOM_RIGHT);
paneForTextField.setCenter(tf);
pane.setTop(paneForTextField);

tf.setOnAction(e -> text.setText(tf.getText()));

return pane;
}
} 26

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 TextArea
A TextArea enables the user to enter multiple lines of text.

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 TextArea
 TextArea provides scrolling, but often it is
useful to create a ScrollPane object to hold
an instance of TextArea and let ScrollPane
handle scrolling for TextArea.
 You can place any node in a ScrollPane.
ScrollPane automatically provides vertical
and horizontal scrolling if the node is too
large to fit in the viewing area.

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 TextArea Example
 This example gives a program that displays
an image in a label, a title in a label, and a
text in a text area.

DescriptionPane TextAreaDemo

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 TextArea Example

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public class DescriptionPane extends BorderPane {
/** Label for displaying an image and a title */
private Label lblImageTitle = new Label();

/** Text area for displaying text */

private TextArea taDescription = new TextArea();

public DescriptionPane() {
// Center the icon and text and place the text under the icon
lblImageTitle.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.TOP);
lblImageTitle.setPrefSize(200, 100);

// Set the font in the label and the text field

lblImageTitle.setFont(new Font("SansSerif", 16));
taDescription.setFont(new Font("Serif", 14));

taDescription.setWrapText(true);
taDescription.setEditable(false);

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 // Create a scroll pane to hold the text area
ScrollPane scrollPane = new ScrollPane(taDescription);

// Place label and scroll pane in the border pane

setLeft(lblImageTitle);
setCenter(scrollPane);
setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
}

/** Set the title */

public void setTitle(String title) {
lblImageTitle.setText(title);
}

/** Set the image view */

public void setImageView(ImageView icon) {
lblImageTitle.setGraphic(icon);
}

/** Set the text description */

public void setDescription(String text) {
taDescription.setText(text);
}
} Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All
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public class TextAreaDemo extends Application {
@Override // Override the start method in the Application class
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Declare and create a description pane
DescriptionPane descriptionPane = new DescriptionPane();

// Set title, text and image in the description pane

descriptionPane.setTitle("Canada");
String description = "The Canadian national flag ...";
descriptionPane.setImageView(new ImageView("image/ca.gif"));
descriptionPane.setDescription(description);

// Create a scene and place it in the stage

Scene scene = new Scene(descriptionPane, 450, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("TextAreaDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
}

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 ComboBox
A combo box, also known as a choice list or drop-down list,
contains a list of items from which the user can choose.

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 ComboBox
 ComboBox is defined as a generic class like
the ArrayList class.
 The generic type T specifies the element
type for the elements stored in a combo
box.
ComboBox<String> cbo = new ComboBox<>();
cbo.getItems().addAll("Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3", "Item 4");
cbo.setStyle("-fx-color: red");
cbo.setValue("Item 1");

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 ComboBox
 ComboBox can fire an ActionEvent. Whenver an item is
selected, an ActionEvent is fired.
 ObservableList is a subinterface of java.util.list. Therefore,
you can apply all the methods defined in List for an
ObservableList.
 For convenience, JavaFX provides the static method
FXCollections.observableArrayList(arrayOfElements) for
creating an ObservableList from any array of elements.

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 ComboBox Example
This example lets users view an image and a
description of a country's flag by selecting the
country from a combo box.

ComboBoxDemo

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public class ComboBoxDemo extends Application {
// Declare an array of Strings for flag titles
private String[] flagTitles = {"Canada", "China", "Denmark",
"France", "Germany", "India", "Norway", "United Kingdom",
"United States of America"};

// Declare an ImageView array for the national flags of 9 countries

private ImageView[] flagImage = {new ImageView("image/ca.gif"),
new ImageView("image/china.gif"),
new ImageView("image/denmark.gif"),
new ImageView("image/fr.gif"),
new ImageView("image/germany.gif"),
new ImageView("image/india.gif"),
new ImageView("image/norway.gif"),
new ImageView("image/uk.gif"), new ImageView("image/us.gif")};

// Declare an array of strings for flag descriptions

private String[] flagDescription = new String[9];

// Declare and create a description pane

private DescriptionPane descriptionPane = new DescriptionPane();

// Create a combo box for selecting countries

private ComboBox<String> cbo = new ComboBox<>(); // flagTitles

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@Override // Override the start method in the Application class
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Set text description
flagDescription[0] = "The Canadian national flag ...";
flagDescription[1] = "Description for China ... ";
flagDescription[2] = "Description for Denmark ... ";
flagDescription[3] = "Description for France ... ";
flagDescription[4] = "Description for Germany ... ";
flagDescription[5] = "Description for India ... ";
flagDescription[6] = "Description for Norway ... ";
flagDescription[7] = "Description for UK ... ";
flagDescription[8] = "Description for US ... ";

// Set the first country (Canada) for display

setDisplay(0);

// Add combo box and description pane to the border pane

BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();

BorderPane paneForComboBox = new BorderPane();

paneForComboBox.setLeft(new Label("Select a country: "));
paneForComboBox.setCenter(cbo);
pane.setTop(paneForComboBox);
cbo.setPrefWidth(400);
cbo.setValue("Canada");
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 ObservableList<String> items = FXCollections.observableArrayList(flagTitles);
cbo.getItems().addAll(items);
pane.setCenter(descriptionPane);

// Display the selected country

cbo.setOnAction(e -> setDisplay(items.indexOf(cbo.getValue())));

// Create a scene and place it in the stage

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 450, 170);
primaryStage.setTitle("ComboBoxDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

/** Set display information on the description pane */

public void setDisplay(int index) {
descriptionPane.setTitle(flagTitles[index]);
descriptionPane.setImageView(flagImage[index]);
descriptionPane.setDescription(flagDescription[index]);
}
}

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 ListView
A list view is a component that performs basically the same function as a
combo box, but it enables the user to choose a single value or multiple
values.

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 ListView
 The getSelectionModel() method returns an
instance of SelectionModel, which contains the
methods for setting a selection model and
obtaining selected indices and items.
 The selection mode is defined in one of the two
constants SelectionMode.MULTIPLE and
SelectionMode.SINGLE, which indicates whether
a single item or multiple items can be selected.

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 Example: Using ListView
This example gives
a program that lets
users select
countries in a list
and display the flags
of the selected
countries in the
labels.
ListViewDemo

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public class ListViewDemo extends Application {
// Declare an array of Strings for flag titles
private String[] flagTitles = {"Canada", "China", "Denmark",
"France", "Germany", "India", "Norway", "United Kingdom",
"United States of America"};

// Declare an ImageView array for the national flags of 9 countries

private ImageView[] ImageViews = {
new ImageView("image/ca.gif"),
new ImageView("image/china.gif"),
new ImageView("image/denmark.gif"),
new ImageView("image/fr.gif"),
new ImageView("image/germany.gif"),
new ImageView("image/india.gif"),
new ImageView("image/norway.gif"),
new ImageView("image/uk.gif"),
new ImageView("image/us.gif")
};

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@Override // Override the start method in the Application class
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
ListView<String> lv = new ListView<> (FXCollections.observableArrayList(flagTitles));
lv.setPrefSize(400, 400);
lv.getSelectionModel().setSelectionMode(SelectionMode.MULTIPLE);

// Create a pane to hold image views

FlowPane imagePane = new FlowPane(10, 10);
BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setLeft(new ScrollPane(lv));
pane.setCenter(imagePane);

lv.getSelectionModel().selectedItemProperty().addListener(
ov -> {
imagePane.getChildren().clear();
for (Integer i: lv.getSelectionModel().getSelectedIndices()) {
imagePane.getChildren().add(ImageViews[i]);
}
});

// Create a scene and place it in the stage

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 450, 170);
primaryStage.setTitle("ListViewDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
} Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All
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 ScrollBar
A scroll bar is a control that enables the user to select from a range of values. The
scrollbar appears in two styles: horizontal and vertical.

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 Scroll Bar Properties

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 ScrollBar
 When the user changes the value of the scroll bar,
it notifies the listener of the change.
– By default, the value is 100 for max, 0 for min.
 You can register a listener on the scroll bar's
valueProperty for responding to this change.
 Example:
ScrollBar sb = new ScrollBar();
sb.valueProperty().addListener(ov -> {
// To Do
});
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 Example: Using Scrollbars
This example uses
horizontal and vertical
scrollbars to control a
message displayed on a
panel. The horizontal
scrollbar is used to move
the message to the left or
the right, and the vertical
scrollbar to move it up and
down.
ScrollBarDemo

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public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Text text = new Text(20, 20, "JavaFX Programming");

ScrollBar sbHorizontal = new ScrollBar();

ScrollBar sbVertical = new ScrollBar();
sbVertical.setOrientation(Orientation.VERTICAL);

// Create a text in a pane

Pane paneForText = new Pane();
paneForText.getChildren().add(text);

// Create a border pane to hold text and scroll bars

BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setCenter(paneForText);
pane.setBottom(sbHorizontal);
pane.setRight(sbVertical);

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 // Listener for horizontal scroll bar value change
sbHorizontal.valueProperty().addListener(ov ->
text.setX(sbHorizontal.getValue() * paneForText.getWidth() /
sbHorizontal.getMax()));

// Listener for vertical scroll bar value change

sbVertical.valueProperty().addListener(ov ->
text.setY(sbVertical.getValue() * paneForText.getHeight() /
sbVertical.getMax()));

// Create a scene and place it in the stage

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 450, 170);
primaryStage.setTitle("ScrollBarDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

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 Slider
 Slider is similar to ScrollBar, but Slider has more properties and
can appear in many forms.
 Slider lets the user graphically select a value by sliding a knob
within a bounded interval. The slider can show both major and
minor tick marks between them.
 The number of pixels between the tick marks is specified by the
majorTickUnit and minorTickUnit properties.
 Sliders can be displayed horizontally or vertically, with or
without ticks, and with or without labels.

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 Slider

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 Example: Using Sliders

Rewrite the preceding

program using the sliders
to control a message
displayed on a panel
instead of using scroll
bars.

SliderDemo

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public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Text text = new Text(20, 20, "JavaFX Programming");

Slider slHorizontal = new Slider();

slHorizontal.setShowTickLabels(true);
slHorizontal.setShowTickMarks(true);

Slider slVertical = new Slider();

slVertical.setOrientation(Orientation.VERTICAL);
slVertical.setShowTickLabels(true);
slVertical.setShowTickMarks(true);
slVertical.setValue(100);

// Create a text in a pane

Pane paneForText = new Pane();
paneForText.getChildren().add(text);

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// Create a border pane to hold text and scroll bars
BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setCenter(paneForText);
pane.setBottom(slHorizontal);
pane.setRight(slVertical);

slHorizontal.valueProperty().addListener(ov ->
text.setX(slHorizontal.getValue() * paneForText.getWidth()
/slHorizontal.getMax()));

slVertical.valueProperty().addListener(ov ->
text.setY((slVertical.getMax() - slVertical.getValue())
* paneForText.getHeight() / slVertical.getMax()));

// Create a scene and place it in the stage

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 450, 170);
primaryStage.setTitle("SliderDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
}

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 Case Study: Bounce Ball
This example displays a bouncing ball. You can add a
slider to control the speed of the ball movement.

BouceBallSlider

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public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
BallPane ballPane = new BallPane();
Slider slSpeed = new Slider();
slSpeed.setMax(20);
ballPane.rateProperty().bind(slSpeed.valueProperty());

BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();

pane.setCenter(ballPane);
pane.setBottom(slSpeed);

// Create a scene and place it in the stage

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 250, 250);
primaryStage.setTitle("BounceBallSlider");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

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 Video and Audio
You can use the Media class to obtain the source of the media, the MediaPlayer
class to play and control the media, and the MediaView class to display the video.

Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 59
 MediaPlayer
The MediaPlayer class playes and controls the media with properties such as
autoPlay, currentCount, cycleCount, mute, volume, and totalDuration.

Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 60
 MediaView
The MediaView class is a subclass of Node that provides a view of the Media
being played by a MediaPlayer. The MediaView class provides the properties for
viewing the media.

Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 61
 Example: Using Media
This example displays a
video in a view. You can use
the play/pause button to
play or pause the video and
use the rewind button to
restart the video, and use the
slider to control the volume
of the audio.

MediaDemo

Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 62
public class MediaDemo extends Application {
private static final String MEDIA_URL =
"https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/common/sample.mp4";

@Override // Override the start method in the Application class

public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Media media = new Media(MEDIA_URL);
MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(media);
MediaView mediaView = new MediaView(mediaPlayer);

Button playButton = new Button(">");

playButton.setOnAction(e -> {
if (playButton.getText().equals(">")) {
mediaPlayer.play();
playButton.setText("||");
} else {
mediaPlayer.pause();
playButton.setText(">");
}
});

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Button rewindButton = new Button("<<");
rewindButton.setOnAction(e -> mediaPlayer.seek(Duration.ZERO));

Slider slVolume = new Slider();

slVolume.setPrefWidth(150);
slVolume.setMaxWidth(Region.USE_PREF_SIZE);
slVolume.setMinWidth(30);
slVolume.setValue(50);
mediaPlayer.volumeProperty().bind(
slVolume.valueProperty().divide(100));

Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 64
 HBox hBox = new HBox(10);
hBox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
hBox.getChildren().addAll(playButton, rewindButton,
new Label("Volume"), slVolume);

BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();

pane.setCenter(mediaView);
pane.setBottom(hBox);

// Create a scene and place it in the stage

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 650, 500);
primaryStage.setTitle("MediaDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
}

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rights reserved. 65
Case Study: National Flags and Anthems
This case study presents a program that displays a nation’s
flag and plays its anthem.

FlagAnthem

Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 66
public class FlagAnthem extends Application {
private final static int NUMBER_OF_NATIONS = 7;
private final static String URLBase =
"https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/common";
private int currentIndex = 0;

@Override // Override the start method in the Application class

public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Image[] images = new Image[NUMBER_OF_NATIONS];
MediaPlayer[] mp = new MediaPlayer[NUMBER_OF_NATIONS];

// Load images and audio

for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_NATIONS; i++) {
images[i] = new Image(URLBase + "/image/flag" + i + ".gif");
mp[i] = new MediaPlayer(new Media(
URLBase + "/audio/anthem/anthem" + i + ".mp3"));
}

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Button btPlayPause = new Button("||");
btPlayPause.setOnAction(e -> {
if (btPlayPause.getText().equals(">")) {
btPlayPause.setText("||");
mp[currentIndex].play();
}
else {
btPlayPause.setText(">");
mp[currentIndex].pause();
}
});

Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 68
ImageView imageView = new ImageView(images[currentIndex]);
ComboBox<String> cboNation = new ComboBox<>();
ObservableList<String> items = FXCollections.observableArrayList
("Denmark", "Germany", "China", "India", "Norway", "UK", "US");
cboNation.getItems().addAll(items);
cboNation.setValue(items.get(0));
cboNation.setOnAction(e -> {
mp[currentIndex].stop();
currentIndex = items.indexOf(cboNation.getValue());
imageView.setImage(images[currentIndex]);
mp[currentIndex].play();
btPlayPause.setText("||");
});

Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Eleventh Edition, (c) 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All
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 HBox hBox = new HBox(10);
hBox.getChildren().addAll(btPlayPause,
new Label("Select a nation: "), cboNation);
hBox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);

// Create a pane to hold nodes

BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setCenter(imageView);
pane.setBottom(hBox);

// Create a scene and place it in the stage

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 350, 270);
primaryStage.setTitle("FlagAnthem");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
mp[currentIndex].play();
}
}

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rights reserved. 70