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Usenet Presentation

This document discusses how USENET and network news are implemented and transmitted. It provides details on: - How each site stores incoming news articles in subdirectories to avoid duplicating content. News then diffuses through sites that exchange feeds in a directed graph structure. - The Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) was introduced to avoid flooding the network as total daily newsfeeds exceed 500MB. NNTP allows news to propagate between sites over reliable connections and for remote users to access news. - NNTP uses client-server communication over TCP port 119. Clients request lists of newsgroups and articles using commands like LIST, NEWSGROUPS, and NEWNEWS to get recent content. Servers respond

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243 views11 pages

Usenet Presentation

This document discusses how USENET and network news are implemented and transmitted. It provides details on: - How each site stores incoming news articles in subdirectories to avoid duplicating content. News then diffuses through sites that exchange feeds in a directed graph structure. - The Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) was introduced to avoid flooding the network as total daily newsfeeds exceed 500MB. NNTP allows news to propagate between sites over reliable connections and for remote users to access news. - NNTP uses client-server communication over TCP port 119. Clients request lists of newsgroups and articles using commands like LIST, NEWSGROUPS, and NEWNEWS to get recent content. Servers respond

Uploaded by

VinayKumarSingh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT or read online on Scribd
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NETWORK AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS

USENET
NEWS

Anu Suresh
How USENET i s
impl em ente d?
• Smaller newsgroups are
implemented as mailing lists.
• But Usenet is not generally
implemented using mailing lists due
to some reasons.
• Each site stores the incoming mail in
a single directory.
• These in turn have subdirectories.
• ie; each site needs only one copy of
each news article, no matter how
many people subscribe to its
CONT . . .

• To use USENET, a site must have a


‘newsfeed’ from another site on
USENET.
• Set of all sites that get net news can
be thought of as the nodes of a
directed graph.
TRANSMI SSI ON
...
• Each site that wants news can poll its
newsfeed(s).
• This is to know if any new news has
arrived since the previous contact.
• Then that news is collected and
stored in the appropriate
subdirectory of news.
• Thus, news diffuses around the
network
RE ST RI CTION S . . .
• Not every site gets all newsgroups.
• There are 3 reasons for this.
• First, the total newsfeeds exceeds
500MB per day and is growing
rapidly.
• Second, transmission time and cost
are issues.
• Third, not every site is interested in
every topic.
NEWS LAYOUT . . .
News articles have the same format as RFC 822
email messages, but have few extra headers.
Eg of a news article is shown
From: [email protected]
Messageid: < [email protected]>
Subject: XYZ
Path:cs.u.nl!sun4nl!EU.net!news.sprintlink.net!in2.uu.net!pc144.nyu.
edu!news
Newsgroups: rec.birds
Followup To:rec.birds
Distribution:world
Nntp-Posting-host: nuthatch.bio.nyu.edu
Refrences:
Organization:New York University
Lines:1
Summary: xyz
Sgfdfghsdfgsdfgaf.

XYZ
NETWORK NEWS TRANSFER PROTOCOL (NNTP)
• To avoid the flooding of articles onto every
line within usenet, NNTP was introduced.
• In this, client issues commands in ASCII
and a server issuing responses as decimal
nos coded in ASCII.
• NNTP was designed for two purposes.
• First, to allow news articles to propagate
from one m/c to another over a reliable
connection.
• Second, to allow users to read news
remotely, whose desktop computers
cannot receive news.
NNTP. . .
• Both techniques are widely used, but
concentration is on how news articles
spread out over the n/w using NNTP.
• 2 general approaches are possible
here.
• First one, news pull, the client calls
one of its newsfeeds and asks for
new news.
• Second one, news push, the
newsfeed calls the client and
announces that it has news.
NNTP . . .
• To acquire recent articles, a client
must first establish a TCP connection
with port 119 on one of its
newsfeeds.
• Behind this port is the NNTP daemon.
• After the connection is established,
the client and server communicate
using a sequence of commands and
responses.
The principal NNTP
NNTP…. commands for news
diffusion
Command Meaning
LIST Give me a list of all newsgroups and
articles you have
NEWSGROUPS Give me a list of newsgroups created
after date/time
date time
GROUP grp Give me a list of all grp

NEWNEWS grps Give me a list of new articles in


specified groups
date time
ARTICLE id Give me specific article

POST I have an article for you that was


posted here
IHAVE id I have Article id. Want it?

QUIT Terminate the session


THANK YOU

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