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Limits, Fits, and Tolerances

The document discusses limits, fits, tolerances, and conventions for dimensioning mechanical parts. It defines key terms like basic size, deviation, tolerance, clearance and interference fits. Equations are provided for calculating maximum and minimum sizes of holes and shafts based on the tolerance grade and fundamental deviation. Dimensioning and tolerancing concepts like nominal size, natural tolerance, and ways to express tolerance are also covered.

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Yash Shah
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25 views9 pages

Limits, Fits, and Tolerances

The document discusses limits, fits, tolerances, and conventions for dimensioning mechanical parts. It defines key terms like basic size, deviation, tolerance, clearance and interference fits. Equations are provided for calculating maximum and minimum sizes of holes and shafts based on the tolerance grade and fundamental deviation. Dimensioning and tolerancing concepts like nominal size, natural tolerance, and ways to express tolerance are also covered.

Uploaded by

Yash Shah
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Limits, Fits, and Tolerances

Capital letters refer to holes; lowercase letters are used for shafts
Limits and Fits
 Basic Size- size to which limits or deviations
are assigned
 Deviation- algebraic difference between size
and corresponding basic size
 Upper deviation- indicates maximum difference
 Lower deviation- indicates minimum difference

 Fundamental deviation- which of the above is


closer to the basic size
Limits and Fits
 Tolerance- difference between max. and min. size
limits
 International tolerance grade numbers (IT)-
designated groups of tolerances that vary
depending on basic size
 Hole basis- system of fits corresponding to hole
sizes (H is the fundamental deviation)
 Shaft basis- system of fits corresponding to shaft
size (h is the fundamental deviation)

See Table 2-8 for a Description of Preferred Fits Using the Basic Hole
System
Conventions and Variable
Definitions
D- basic hole size
d- basic shaft size
-deviation
u-upper deviation
l-lower deviation
F-fundamental deviation
D- tolerance grade for hole
d- tolerance grade for shaft
 For holes
Dmax = D + D (Eq. 2-38)
Dmin = D
 For shafts with clearance fits c, d, f, g, and h
dmax = d + F (Eq. 2-39)
dmin = d + F – d
 For shafts with interference fits k, n, p, s, and u
dmin = d + F (Eq. 2-40)
dmax = d + F + d
Dimensions and Tolerances
 Nominal size - size for speaking of an element (i.e., ½”
bolt or 3” pipe)
 Basic size – exact theoretical size
 Limits – stated maximum and minimum dimensions
 Tolerance – difference between two limits
 Bilateral – 1.005 ± 0.002 in
0.004
 Unilateral – 1.0050.000 in
 Natural tolerance – plus and minus three standard
deviations
Dimensions and Tolerances
 Clearance – difference in dimensions
(diametral or radial)
 Used only when the internal member is smaller
than the external member
 Interference – difference in dimensions
 Used when the internal member is larger than the
external member
 Allowance – minimum clearance or maximum
interference
TOLERANCE
 Tolerance is the total amount a dimension may vary.
 It is the difference between the maximum and
minimum limits.
 Ways to Express:
 1. Direct limits or as tolerance limits applied to a
dimension
 2. Geometric tolerances
 3. A general tolerance note in title block
 4. Notes referring to specific conditions
Direct Limits and Tolerance
Values

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