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ENS 142-Computer Fundamentals and Programming

This document discusses different number systems used in computing. It describes: 1) The decimal number system which uses 10 digits and positions that represent powers of 10. 2) The binary number system which uses two digits, 0 and 1, and positions that represent powers of 2. 3) The octal number system which uses eight digits and positions that represent powers of 8. 4) The hexadecimal number system which uses 16 digits and positions that represent powers of 16.

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79 views11 pages

ENS 142-Computer Fundamentals and Programming

This document discusses different number systems used in computing. It describes: 1) The decimal number system which uses 10 digits and positions that represent powers of 10. 2) The binary number system which uses two digits, 0 and 1, and positions that represent powers of 2. 3) The octal number system which uses eight digits and positions that represent powers of 8. 4) The hexadecimal number system which uses 16 digits and positions that represent powers of 16.

Uploaded by

Lynnie Ella
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 4

Engr. Bernie Antecristo

ENS 142- Computer


Fundamentals and
Programming
NUMBER SYSTEM

 A computer can understand the positional number system where there are only
a few symbols called digits and these symbols represent different values
depending on the position they occupy in the number.

The value of each digit in a number can be determined using:

• The digit

• The position of the digit in the number

• The base of the number system (where the base is defined as the total number
of digits available in the number system)
Decimal Number System

 The number system that we use in our day-to-day life is


the decimal number system. Decimal number system has
base 10 as it uses 10 digits from 0 to 9. In decimal
number system, the successive positions to the left of the
decimal point represent units, tens, hundreds, thousands,
and so on.
Decimal Number System

 Each position represents a specific power of the base (10). For


example, the decimal number 1234 consists of the digit 4 in the
units position, 3 in the tens position, 2 in the hundreds position,
and 1 in the thousands position. Its value can be written as

=(1 x 1000)+ (2 x 100)+ (3 x 10)+ (4 x l)


=(1 x 103)+ (2 x 102)+ (3 x 101)+ (4 x l00)
=1000 + 200 + 30 + 4
=1234
Types of Number System
Binary Number System

Characteristics of the binary number system are as follows −


 Uses two digits, 0 and 1
 Also called as base 2 number system
 Each position in a binary number represents a 0 power of the
base (2). Example 20
 Last position in a binary number represents a x power of the
base (2). Example 2x where x represents the last position - 1
BINARY NUMBER EXAMPLE
Octal Number System

Characteristics of the octal number system are as follows −


 Uses eight digits, 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
 Also called as base 8 number system
 Each position in an octal number represents a 0 power of the
base (8). Example 80
 Last position in an octal number represents a x power of the
base (8). Example 8x where x represents the last position - 1
OCTAL NUMBER EXAMPLE
Hexadecimal Number System

Characteristics of hexadecimal number system are as follows


 Uses 10 digits and 6 letters, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
 Letters represent the numbers starting from 10. A = 10. B = 11, C = 12,
D = 13, E = 14, F = 15
 Also called as base 16 number system
 Each position in a hexadecimal number represents a 0 power of the base
(16). Example, 160
 Last position in a hexadecimal number represents a x power of the base
(16). Example 16x where x represents the last position - 1
HEXADECIMAL NUMBER
EXAMPLE

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