EFT W3 Types of Tourism

ENGLISH
FOR
TOURISM
Week 3
UINSK 2021
Review: The definition
When we think of tourism, we think primarily of people who are visiting a particular
place for sightseeing, visiting friends and relatives, taking a vacation, and having
a good time. They may spend their leisure time engaging in various sports, sunbathing,
talking, singing, taking rides, touring, reading, or simply enjoying the environment.
If we consider the subject further, we may include in our definition of tourism people
who are participating in a convention, a business conference, or some other kind
of business or professional activity, as well as those who are taking a study tour
under an expert guide or doing some kind of scientific research or study.
-MacIntosh & Goeldner-
Review: Purposes of tourism
4 different perspectives of tourism
1. The tourist. The tourist seeks various psychic and physical experiences and satisfactions. The nature of these will largely
determine the destinations chosen and the activities enjoyed.
2. The businesses providing tourist goods and services. Businesspeople see tourism as an opportunity to make a profit by
supplying the goods and services that the tourist market demands.
3. The government of the host community or area. Politicians view tourism as a wealth factor in the economy of their
jurisdictions. Their perspective is related to the incomes their citizens can earn from this business. Politicians also consider the
foreign exchange receipts from international tourism as well as the tax receipts collected from tourist expenditures, either directly
or indirectly. The government can play an important role in tourism policy, development, promotion, and implementation.
4. The host community. Local people usually see tourism as a cultural and employment factor. Of importance to this group, for
example, is the effect of the interaction between large numbers of international visitors and residents.
-MacIntosh & Goeldner-

Types of Tourism
• Based on the activities

on site
• Based on the
geographical border lakecomoto
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Types of Tourism based on the activities on site
• Cultural
• Religious
• Medical
• Adventure
• Nature
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• Pleasure
Cultural Tourism
• Cultural tourism is the act of travelers visiting particular destinations in

order to experience and learn about a particular culture. This can
include many activities such as; attending events and festivals, visiting
museums and tasting the local food and drinks. (Hailey Stainton, 2020)
• The World Tourism Organization (1985): the movements of persons
who satisfy the human need for diversity, tending to raise the cultural
level of the individual and giving rise to new knowledge, experience
and encounters.
Religious Tourism
• Religious tourism is the departure of a person from a country of residence

for a period of no more than six months in order to visit holy places and
centers of religion. On the other hand, this concept can be viewed as an
activity aimed at providing services to the tourists travelling for religious
purposes.
• Generally, religious tourism is classified in two ways: (1) the pilgrimage
tourism; and (2) the religious tourism of excursion - cognitive focus.
~San Gregorio, 2017~

Medical Tourism
• Travel across international borders with the intention of receiving some

form of medical treatment. This treatment may span the full range of
medical services, but most commonly includes dental care, cosmetic
surgery, elective surgery and fertility treatment. (WHO)
• Medical tourists may travel to developing or developed countries. Medical
tourism represents a growing health care market, and this group of
travelers presents unique challenges for public health and clinical medicine
(Gaines & Lee, 2019)
Adventure Tourism
• Adventure tourism is a type of tourism in which tourist do some adventures activities like

as skydiving, hill climbing, scuba diving. Adventure tourism is very popular among young
age tourists. Adventure tourism gains much of its excitement by allowing the tourists to
step outside their comfort zone. (tourismnotes.com)
• Adventure Travel Trade Association (ATTA) defines adventure tourism as a trip that
includes at least two of the following three elements: physical activity, natural
environment and cultural immersion.
• Adventure tourism practitioners and policymakers adhere to sustainable environmental
practices because they know that without pristine natural environments and meaningful
cultural experiences, their destination would lose its competitiveness and tourists would
go somewhere else. (David Huddart, 2019)
Nature Tourism
• Nature tourism refers to responsible travel to natural areas, which conserves

the environment and improves the welfare of local people. It is tourism based
on the natural attractions of an area. Examples: birdwatching, photography,
stargazing, camping, hiking, hunting, fishing, and visiting parks.
(tpwd.texas.gov)
• Nature tourism, also called nature-based tourism, is tourism based on the
natural attractions of an area. It consists of responsible travel to experience
natural areas and their landscape, flora and fauna, protecting the
environment and improving the quality of life of locals. (cbi.edu)
Pleasure Tourism
• Pleasure is defined as a feeling of happiness, satisfaction, or enjoyment.

Therefore, the pursuit of such feelings through travel is referred to as
pleasure tourism. According to Currie (1997), “tourism” means pleasure
travel, and according to the UNWTO (2007), pleasure represents the main
purpose of tourism.
~Salvatore Bimonte, 2015~
Types of Tourism based on the geographical
border
• Domestic tourism
• Inbound tourism
• Outbound tourism
lakecomoto
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Domestic Tourism
• Domestic tourism comprises the activities of a resident visitor within the

country of reference, either as part of a domestic tourism trip or part of an
outbound tourism trip (IRTS 2008, 2.39).
• It refers to activities of a visitor within their country of residence and
outside of their home (e.g. an Indonesian visiting other parts of Indonesia).
• An example of domestic tourism for Indonesian residents would be, a
family from Solo in midland taking a short break to the seaside resort in
Gunungkidul Yogyakarta.
Inbound Tourism
• Inbound tourism comprises the activities of a non-resident visitor

within the country of reference on an inbound tourism trip (
IRTS 2008, 2.39).
• It refers to the activities of a visitor from outside of country of
residence or visitors from overseas coming into a country.
Generally, when we use the term inbound tourism in Indonesia,
we are referring to the people from different countries travelling
to Indonesia. e.g. a Mongolian tourist visiting Indonesia).
Outbound Tourism
• Outbound tourism comprises the activities of a resident visitor

outside the country of reference, either as part of an outbound
tourism trip or as part of a domestic tourism trip (
IRTS 2008, 2.39(c)).
• It refers to the activities of a resident visitor outside of their
country of residence (e.g. an Indonesian resident traveling out
of Indonesia such as visiting Poland on holiday).
Tourism Products or operating sectors in tourism
• Accommodation: hotels, motels, bed & breakfasts, guest houses, home stay, resorts, etc.
• Hospitality: food and beverage serving services, e.g. restaurants, cafes, fast food chains, private
dining for groups/conferences, etc.
• Transport services: Guided tours and tourist guides
• Travel agencies and other reservation services: tour operators, travel agents, etc.
• Cultural services: museums, attractions such as Disneyland, Universal Studios, amusement
parks, village tourism. Cultural events such as Oktoberfest in Munich, Germany, the Mardi Gras
of New Orleans, Super Bowl in the US, etc.
• Sports and recreational activities: diving, hiking, camping, mount climbing, etc.
• Retail: souvenir shops, shopping center, etc.
TODAY’S EXERCISE
Instruction
Read the brief explanation about types of travel and types of tourism
in this slide. Can you match them with the examples in the table?
What type of travel is it? What type of tourism is it? Note that some
examples might fit into more than one category.

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ENGLISH

-MacIntosh & Goeldner-

• Based on the activities

• Cultural tourism is the act of travelers visiting particular destinations in

• Religious tourism is the departure of a person from a country of residence

~San Gregorio, 2017~

• Travel across international borders with the intention of receiving some

• Adventure tourism is a type of tourism in which tourist do some adventures activities like

• Nature tourism refers to responsible travel to natural areas, which conserves

• Pleasure is defined as a feeling of happiness, satisfaction, or enjoyment.

• Domestic tourism comprises the activities of a resident visitor within the

• Inbound tourism comprises the activities of a non-resident visitor

• Outbound tourism comprises the activities of a resident visitor

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