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    Topic 1 Unit and Measurement

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    Hazrul Muliadi
    This document discusses units and measurement in the metric system. It defines the SI base units for length, mass, time, temperature and other quantities. It explains prefixes used in the metric system and provides examples of converting between metric and imperial units. It also discusses derived units and how to measure area, volume and distance from Earth to the sun using triangulation.

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    Topic 1 Unit and Measurement

    Uploaded by

    Hazrul Muliadi
    14 views18 pages
    This document discusses units and measurement in the metric system. It defines the SI base units for length, mass, time, temperature and other quantities. It explains prefixes used in the metric system and provides examples of converting between metric and imperial units. It also discusses derived units and how to measure area, volume and distance from Earth to the sun using triangulation.

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    Topic 1C

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    This document discusses units and measurement in the metric system. It defines the SI base units for length, mass, time, temperature and other quantities. It explains prefixes used in the metric system and provides examples of converting between metric and imperial units. It also discusses derived units and how to measure area, volume and distance from Earth to the sun using triangulation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    14 views18 pages

    Topic 1 Unit and Measurement

    Uploaded by

    Hazrul Muliadi
    This document discusses units and measurement in the metric system. It defines the SI base units for length, mass, time, temperature and other quantities. It explains prefixes used in the metric system and provides examples of converting between metric and imperial units. It also discusses derived units and how to measure area, volume and distance from Earth to the sun using triangulation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    TOPIC 1

    UNIT AND MEASUREMENT


    Lecture Outline
     Measurement
     Uncertainty, significant figures
     Units, Standard and SI system
     Conversion of Units
    Objectives
    After this lecture, students should be
    able:

     to identify methods of measurement


    and unit used
     to perform unit conversions from SI
    units to English and vice versa.
    Measurement
     A number without a unit is meaningless
     It is 4 long
     4 what?
     Scientists use the metric system or SI for
    le System Internationale d’Units
     Makes sharing data easier
    Base Units
    Quantity Unit Abbreviation
    Length meter m
    Mass kilogram kg
    Temperature kelvin K
    Electric current ampere A
    Amount of substance mole mol
    Luminous intensity candela cd
    time second s
    SI derived units
     Other measurements or units are
    called derived units.
     These units are derived from the base
    units.
    Example of derived units

    Derived Units SI Abbreviation Used for


    Measuring

    litre L or l volume
    cubic metre m 3 m3 volume
    square metre m2 area
    newton N ( kg m )
    2
    force
    s

    metre per second m/s speed


    joule J energy
    watt W power
    Metric System
     Measurements have two parts
     Base unit and prefix
     Prefixes multiply or divide the base
    units by multiples 10
     Prefixes are the same for all units
    Metric (SI) Prefixes
    SI base unit: Length
     The metre is the length of the path
    travelled by light in vacuum during a
    time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a
    second
     In metric : metre (m), cm, km, mm
     In Imperial units: 1 ft = 12 in; 1yd = 3 ft; 1
    mi= 5280 ft
     1 in = 2.54 cm
     1 mi = 1.6 km
    SI base unit: Mass
     The kilogram is the unit of mass; it is
    equal to the mass of the international
    prototype of the kilogram
     Metric: kg, g

     Imperial units: ounce (oz)

    pound (lb)
     Conversions:

    – 1 oz = 28.34952 g
    – 1 lb = 453.59237 g
    SI base unit: Time
     The second is the duration
    of 9,192,631,770 periods of the
    radiation corresponding to the
    transition between the two hyperfine
    levels of the ground state of the
    caesium 133 atom. This definition
    refers to a caesium atom at rest at a
    temperature of 0 K
    SI base unit: Time
    • The units for time are based on the motion
    of the earth and the moon.
    • i.e. 1 year = time required for one complete
    revolution of the earth about the sun
    • 1 year = 365 days or 366 days every fourth
    year
    • 1 hour = 60 minutes
    • 1 min = 60 seconds
    SI base unit: Temperature
     The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic
    (absolute) temperature scale
    referenced to absolute zero, the
    theoretical absence of all thermal
    energy
     Other units:
     Degree celsius ( [K]=[C] + 273.15 )
     Fahrenheit ([K] = ([°F] + 459.67) × 5⁄9 )
    5. Area & volume
    •Area used to measure a surface area of an object
    (Area = width x length) units ( m 2 ; km 2 ; in 2 etc )
    3 3 3
    •Volume = length x width x height ( m ; in ; cm etc )
    •A common unit of volume in the metric sys is the liter (l)
    1 1
    1 l = 1000 cm
    3
    then 1000 l  1cm 3
    but 1000 l  1ml
    therefore 1ml  1cm 3

    3
    • Example : Change 0.65 cm to cubic millimeters
    3
     10mm 
    0.65cm3     650mm
    3

     1cm 
    Discussion Question
     Suggest a way to measure the distance from
    the Earth to the Sun
     The distance from the Earth to the Sun can
    be measured by triangulation, as shown in
    the diagram. The Sun is simultaneously
    observed by two people (A and B) who are
    standing on the equator at directly opposite
    points on the Earth. The angle θ is
    measured by each observer and the radius
    (R) of the Earth is known. The distance (L)
    to the Sun can be found from tan θ= L/R
    and L=Rtanθ.
    Matahari dari dekat (5000 km)

    Imej matahari yang paling jelas diperolehi oleh


    Royal Swedish Academy Of Science pada 14 nov
    2002 melalui Swedish Solar Telescope

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