SPE-207117-MS

Gravity Drainage System: Investigation And Field Development

Using Geological Modeling And Reservoir Simulation

Obinna Somadina Ezeaneche

Robinson Osita Madu
Ishioma Bridget Oshilike
Orrelo Jerry Athoja
Mike Obi Onyekonwu
Laser Engineering and Resources Consultants Limited
 OUTLINE
• Objectives
• Introduction
• Methodology
• Case study: Geologic description, Reservoir/well performance
and Simulation
• Result
• Lesson Learnt and Conclusion
 OBJECTIVE
• The Objective of this presentation is to;
 Highlight the effect of gravity drainage mechanism on fluid
recovery
 Show the importance of proper reservoir description during
dynamic modeling of gravity drainage system
 INTRODUCTION
 Hydrocarbon production from the reservoir is governed Secondary
by the energy present within the system Gas Cap

 Recovery of hydrocarbons from a reservoir is dependent

on different processes namely;
 Primary recovery : it involves using the inherent
energy prevalent within the system. e.g. solution gas
drive, gascap drive, water drive and gravity drainage
 Secondary recovery: is a means of recovery driven by Producing Wells
the injection of water or gas Located Low on structure

 Tertiary recovery (EOR): this is a recovery scheme

similar to secondary recovery but with added
components such as chemical injection, microbial
injection and steam flooding
 METHODOLOGY

RESERVOIR
GEOLOGIC RESERVOIR
DESCRIPTION
AND
SIMULATION PREDICTION
WELL PERFORMANCE

Reservoir structure Reservoir production Dynamic model set-up Performance

mechanism Forecast
Facies and Property History matching
distribution Well performance
analysis
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION
Well correlation
Kv-kh plot
Facies claasification
 Phase
Phase Envelope
Envelope
RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE
 Production in Reservoir X started in Dec. 1975
2 OIL RESERVOIR X EOS = PR 78 Peneloux
4500

4000

3500

3000
 Oil production was stable at an average rate of
4000 stb/day for a period of ten (10) years with peak
Pressure, psia

2500

oil production rate of 7002 stb/day experienced in

2000

1500

1000

500
Dec. 1980
0
-100 0

Vap/liq volume frac 1.000

100 200 300 400
Temperature, °F
500

Critical Point
600 700 800 900
 GOR trend is fairly flat and tracks evenly with oil
rate despite reservoir pressure decline significantly
1
Drive Mechanism - X

Fluid Expansion
PV Compressibility
below Pb. This is indicative of a gravity drainage
mechanism
Water Influx

0.75

0.5
 Decline in oil production resulted from high GOR
0.25
and increasing water cut
0
06/02/1976 04/05/1981 02/07/1986 12/12/1990 10/16/1995
 The continuous decline in reservoir pressure in late
Tank Temperature
Tank Pressure
Tank Porosity
238
6050
0.21
Time (date m/d/y)
(deg F)
(psia)
(fraction)
Aquifer Model Carter-Tracy
Aquifer System Radial Aquifer
Outer/Inner Radius 6.41856
time is due to the production of the secondary
gascap.
Connate Water Saturation 0.17 (fraction) Encroachment Angle 260 (degrees)
Water Compressibility Use Corr (1/psi) Calc. Aquifer Volume 32401.8 (MMft3)
Formation Compressibility 3.43259e-6 (1/psi) Aquifer Permeability 6.96 (md)
Initial Gas Cap 0 Tank Thickness 94.77 (feet)
Oil in Place 54.88 (MMSTB) Tank Radius 2200 (feet)

 RF = 46% @ EOH
Production Start 12/31/1975 (date m/d/y)
WELL PERFORMANCE & INITIALIZATION

 Well 02 reveals a stable oil production at

HGOR (gravity effect) as expected of an up-
dip well. Decline in oil rate is due to rising
water cut and HGOR at a constant bean

 Well 03 experienced early water breakthrough

due to closeness to the OWC. This is a down-
dip well

Pi Pb Boi STATIC STOIIP DYNAMIC Diff %

(MMSTB) STOIIP (MMSTB)
(Psia) (Psia) (rb/stb)
6050 4860 2.35 56.02 54.88 2.00
 Oil production rate [

Water cut [ST

Gas-oil ratio [MSCF/STB]

0.31623
HISTORY MATCHING
31.623

3.1623
6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000
Pressure [psi]

100

10

0.1
0

PRESSURE: Dynamic data OIL PRODUCTION RATE: Dynamic data

1980 1985 1990 1995 1980 1985 1990 1995

Date Date
GAS-OIL RATIO: Dynamic data WATER CUT: Dynamic data

1980 1985 1990 1995 1980 1985 1990 1995

Date Date

OBS_V, OB_03T_V, Pressure OBS_V, OB02L_V, Pressure OBS_V, OB06L_V, Pressure OBS_V, OB08S_V, Pressure
V_2020_NEW, Field, Pressure OBS_V, Field, Oil production rate V_2020_NEW, Field, Oil production rate OBS_V, Field, Oil production cumulative
V_2020_NEW, Field, Oil production cumulative OBS_V, Field, Gas-oil ratio V_2020_NEW, Field, Gas-oil ratio OBS_V, Field, Water cut
V_2020_NEW, Field, Water cut
 HISTORY MATCH RESULT AND SENSITIVITY
Oil production rate [STB/d]

Water cut [STB/STB]

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2
0

0
Gas-oil ratio [MSCF/STB]

0.31623
3.1623
8000

6000

4000

2000
Pressure [psi]

10

0.1
1

PRESSURE: 03_X OIL PRODUCTION RATE: 03_X

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

Date Date
GAS-OIL RATIO: 03_X WATER CUT: 03_X

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

Date Date

OBS_V, Pressure V_2020_LASER_84, Pressure average (9-point) OBS_V, Oil production rate V_2020_LASER_84, Oil production rate
OBS_V, Gas-oil ratio V_2020_LASER_84, Gas-oil ratio OBS_V, Water cut V_2020_LASER_84, Water cut
PREDICTION

LEVEL OOIP RESERVE RF (OIL)

(MMSTB)
(MMSTB) (BSCF) %
X 54.88 1.50 9.65 48
 CONCLUSION
 The impact of facies constrained kv/kh has shown to be reliable in capturing the vertical
movement of fluids which also improves saturation and pressure match. This should be the norm
in history matching as it captures associated heterogeneity that would have been ignored using a
deterministic single value ratio.

 This study reveals that HGOR producing wells should be investigated properly in relation to
position on the structure map and active drive index to prevent unwarranted shut-in

 There should be control in withdrawal rate for gravity drainage systems to curtail production of
the gascap gas

 Employing an integrated approach in delineating the producing mechanism operating in a

reservoir helps identify opportunities that would have been hidden if evaluated in isolation.
 Acknowledgements / Thank You / Questions

We would like to thank Laser

Engineering
and Resources Consultants Limited
for the technical guidance and
opportunity shown during the study

THANK YOU