GSM Global System For Mobile Communication: Sandeep Reddy C 07bec297 E Batch ECE Vitu

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GSM

GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE


COMMUNICATION

Sandeep reddy c
07bec297
E batch ECE
VITU
INTRODUCTION:
WIRELESS SYSTEMS:

Generation 1:Analog wireless system


AMPS cellular service

Generation 2:digital wireless system


Development of digital speech coding techniques
and increase in device density of integrated circuits

Generation 3:integration of all kinds of wireless systems


Basics & Context

Evolution of Mobile communication systems

1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation


Analog speech Digital speech + High data rates
low rate data (384kbps- 14.4 Mbps)
(≤ 64 kbps) + 2nd gen. services

NMT, AMPS, TACS GSM, PDC, UMTS/ IMT-2000


IS -136, IS -95

1980 1990 2000

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Objectives:
The following objectives were set when the definition of the GSM standards started:
Common radio spectrum in all countries
Integrated European system with international roaming
Create large single market
Increase available cellular radio capacity
Standardization of network components and network interfaces
Better security functions
Compatibility with evolution of fixed digital networks
Accommodate new services.
 
2. BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA):
In this method entire range of specified frequency spectrum is divided into
many slots and each of it is considered as one carrier. Bandwidth of each slot is
200 KHz.
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA):
Each frequency channel is further divided into a set of timeslots; each
timeslot carries the data of a voice call.
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA):
Same frequency signal with different codes
CDMA uses fsk modulation technique
3. GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE WITH INTERFACES

3. GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE WITH


INTERFACES

Three major subsytems are:

1. RADIO SUBSYSTEMS (RSS)

2. NETWORK SUBSYSTEMS (NSS)

3. OPERATION SUPPORT SUBSYSTEMS (OSS)


Components of RSS are
1.Mobile station
Simcard inserted in a handset is called mobile station
Each MS has a unique IMEI no
2.Base transreceiver systems
connected to MS through air interface
The BTSs are connected to MS and a BSC on the other hand
3.Base station controller
power management between BTS and MS
carries out BSC hand overs
synchronisation of MS
NETWORK SWITCHING SUB-SYSTEM
Its components are:

Mobile Switching Centre(MSC)

Gateway Mobile Switching Centre(GMSC)

It is the central part of any Mobile Radio System and controls several BSSs.

It controls the call processing, flow of information, authentication


process and also other functions like SMS, handovers and so on are
controlled by it
 function of MSC is to connect calls to GSM network

It also controls the handover process with in and also among different MSCs

The billing for subscriber in its area is controlled by the MSC

MSC contains VLR which stores some temporary information

Gateway Mobile Switching Centre:


GMSC is the MSC that declares where the subscriber, to whom call is being made, is.

All the calls made from mobile to mobile and PSTN to mobile are routed via GMSC.
The components of GMSC are:
1. Home Location Register(HLR)
2.Authentication Centre(AUC)
3. Equipment Identity register(EIR)
4.Visitor Location Register(VLR)
RF LOGICAL CHANNELS
CALL PROCESSING
There are 3 types of calls to be examined in the process of reaching the destination-
1.Mobile-landline call
2.Landline-mobile call
3.Mobile-mobile call

There are some stages that take place in the process of establishing a call.
They are:
Request for service: The MS requests to setup a call.
Authentication: The MSC/VLR requests the AUC for authentication
parameters. Using these parameters the MS is authenticated.
Ciphering: Using the parameters which were made available earlier during the
authentication the uplink and the downlink are ciphered.
Equipment Validation: The MSC/VLR requests the EIR to check the IMEI for
validity.
Call Setup: The MSC establishes a connection to the MS.
Handover(s)
Call release: The speech path is released.
OPERATING SUPPOORT SUBSYSTEMS
The operation and maintenance centre (OMC) is connected to all
equipments in the switching system and to the BSC
The implementation of OMC is called the OSS (operation and support
system)
The purpose of OSS is offer the customer cost effective support for
centralized, regional and local operation and maintenance
OSS
Operation SubSystem

MSC/VLR
EIR

HLR/
AC
WS
NSS MSC/VLR OMC
Operation & Maintenance Center
• Subscriber and equipment data
management
e.g. clearing services, bills
• Network operation, configuration
TRAU
& management
• Collecting network load information
BSC & compiling statistics
• Error detection & correction
BSS • Security management
BTS • Performance control

Fig. 45 (TM2100EU03TM_0001 GSM PLMN, 37)


.Introduction to GPRS, EDGE, 3G
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
2.5G European technology
Speed ------ 171kbps
B.W---- 25 MHz, FDMA, TDMA
Packet switching technology
MTS (8TS to one customer)
GMSK modulation
Internet access
EDGE: Enhanced Data rate for GSM evolution
2.75G European technology
Speed - 384 kbps
B.W- 25 MHz, FDMA, TDMA
Packet switching technology
MTS (8TS to one customer)
8-PSK modulation
Heavy mobile data transmission
Basics & Context

Evolution path for GSM (II)

2G 2.5G 3G

GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS

• GSM • GPRS • EDGE • UMTS


• 200 KHz carrier • 200 KHz carrier • 200 KHz carrier • 5 MHz carrier
• 8 full-rate time slots • 115 Kbps peak data • Data rates up to 384 • 2 Mbps peak data rates
• 16 half-rate time rates Kbps • New IMT-2000 2 GHz
slots • 8-PSK modulation spectrum
• Higher symbol rate

HSCSD

• HSCSD
• Circuit-switched data • 64
Kbps peak data rates

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BSNL 3G
Faster than your thoughts at prices lower than 2G
Voice call rates lower than 2G voice call rates
Video call rates lower than 2G voice call rates
Data usage price, 1 paisa or less per 10 Kb
Super fast data download, speed up to 3.6 Mbps
Products & Services

Quick overview of BSNL 3G services on offer (I)

Video Call
• In a video call, the two persons could not only hear and talk but could also SEE each other.
The overall experience is that of having a live face to face conversation

Gaming
• High speed interactive one to one as well as multiplayer gaming is supported

Live TV
• Watching your favorite TV serial or a live game on your mobile phone, while on move, is a
reality with BSNL 3G services

Video on Demand
• This is an offshoot of Content download, wherein on subscription basis, one can download a
movie or a song of his choice

Video Messaging
• With BSNL 3G, one can now send a video message with voice to his acquaintances

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Products & Services

Quick overview of BSNL 3G services on offer (II)

Audio & Video Streaming


• Using dedicated Streaming servers, BSNL 3G provides a unique experience of viewing both audio
and video files from a vast range of subjects. The streaming support is available for both stores
as well as live feeds

Internet Browsing
• An instant high speed internet browsing is possible wherein large volumes of data can be
accessed in seconds giving a real Mobile Broadband experience

Content download
• This feature was never possible with 2G networks, with super fast download speeds of the
order of Mega bits per second, heavy content downloads is a reality in 3G networks

Data Cards
• BSNL 3G Data cards are meant for accessing internet and emails at high broadband speeds
anytime and from anywhere. Thus 3G Data is an ideal accessory for professionals on move, who
wish to access internet on the move. The BSNL 3G data card provides simple and instant
internet access at mega fast speeds up to 3.6 Mbps

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