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Analytic Geometry: Coordinates and Lines (Continuation)

This document provides an overview of key concepts in analytic geometry including: 1) The angle between two lines can be found using the tangent function and the slopes of the lines. 2) The locus of a point is the curve traced by a variable point as it moves. The locus of an equation is the set of points satisfying that equation. 3) A straight line can be represented by a first degree equation. Common forms include point-slope, slope-intercept, two-point, and normal forms. 4) The intersection of two lines is the single point satisfying both line equations. Distance from a line to a point and families of lines are also discussed.

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PJ Nangkil
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53 views28 pages

Analytic Geometry: Coordinates and Lines (Continuation)

This document provides an overview of key concepts in analytic geometry including: 1) The angle between two lines can be found using the tangent function and the slopes of the lines. 2) The locus of a point is the curve traced by a variable point as it moves. The locus of an equation is the set of points satisfying that equation. 3) A straight line can be represented by a first degree equation. Common forms include point-slope, slope-intercept, two-point, and normal forms. 4) The intersection of two lines is the single point satisfying both line equations. Distance from a line to a point and families of lines are also discussed.

Uploaded by

PJ Nangkil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

Chapter I
Coordinates and Lines (Continuation)
OUTLINE
 Angle Between Two Lines
 The Locus of a Point
 Equation of a Straight Line
 Standard Equations of Lines
 Intersection of Lines
 Distance from a Line to a Point
 Family of Lines
 Line Through the Intersection of Two Lines
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES
Theorem:
 If two lines L1 and L2 are intersecting
non vertical lines have slopes m1 and
m2 respectively and if the angle ϴ is
   the measure of the angle from L1 to
L2, then
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES
 

 Proof:
From the concept in
Trigonometry:

  

 Finding the tangent of both sides:


ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES

  
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES
 Example
 Find the angles of the
triangle whose vertices
are A(-1.1), B(2,-1) and
C(6,3).
 A point whose coordinates are fixed is a
constant point and a point with at least one
THE LOCUS variable coordinate is called a variable
point.
OF A POINT
 The curve traced by a variable point as it
moves in a plane is called the locus point.
THE LOCUS
OF A POINT
 The locus of an equation is a curve
THE LOCUS
containing those points, and only those
OF A POINT points, whose coordinates satisfy the
equation.
Example:
Find the equation of the locus of a point which
moves so that its distance from the point C(3,4)
is always 5.

THE LOCUS OF
A POINT
EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE

eq(1)
  

 Theorem I. Every straight line can


be represented by an equation of
the first degree.
EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE

eq(2)

  

Theorem 2. The locus of an equation of the first degree is


always a straight line.
STANDARD EQUATIONS OF LINES

general equation of a line

1. The point-slope form.


  

2. The slope-intercept form.


STANDARD EQUATIONS OF LINES

3. The two-point form.

  

4. The intercept form.


STANDARD EQUATIONS OF LINES

5. The normal form.

  

The normal form of is:


STANDARD EQUATIONS OF LINES
Examples:

 Find the equation of the line through the point (2, -3) and
perpendicular to the line 3x + 4y – 2 = 0
 Solution:
 Re-write the equation to slope-intercept form
  
STANDARD EQUATIONS OF LINES
Examples:
 Find the equation of the line with an x intercept 2 that passes
through the mid-point of the line segment joining (3,7) and (5,0)
 Solution:
    Using the two-point form:
STANDARD EQUATIONS OF LINES
Examples:
 Find the distance from the origin to the line 2x – y – 5 = 0
 Solution:
 Using the normal form:
  
 If two lines are not parallel or
coincident, they intersect in a
INTERSECTIO single point. Since the coordinates
of this point satisfy the equations
N OF LINES of both lines, their values can be
found by solving the two
equations simultaneously for x
and y.
INTERSECTIO
N OF LINES
Example:

Find the point of intersection of the


lines whose equations are
x + 2y – 7 = 0 and x – y – 1 = 0
DISTANCE FROM A LINE TO A POINT
 Theorem: The signed distance from the
line

to the point is given by the formula


  

where the sign of the radical is chosen


to be opposite to the sign of C.
DISTANCE FROM A LINE TO A POINT
 Example:
Find the equation of the line that bisects the acute
angle between the lines
x – y – 1 = 0 and 7x + y – 7 = 0

 
Solution:
Using the previous formula:
FAMILY OF LINES

 A family of lines is a set of lines that have something in


common with each other. 
 In the equation of a line, the variables x and y are often
 called
  the running coordinates of the line.
 The arbitrary constant is called the parameter of the family.
 When only one arbitrary constant occurs in the equation, it is
often called a one-parameter family.
FAMILY OF LINES
Example:

𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒚 +𝒌 =𝟎
    𝒚 − 𝟐= 𝒎( 𝒙 − 𝟏 )
FAMILY OF LINES
If A, B, and C are fixed constants, the family of
lines parallel to Ax + By + C = 0 has the
equation
  

and the family of lines perpendicular to the


given line has the equation
FAMILY OF LINES
Example:

Find the equation of the line that passes through (2,-1) and is
perpendicular to the line

Solution: the equation of lines perpendicular to the given line can be


written
   as:

To find the member of this family that passes through (2,-1), we substitute
x = 2 and y = -1; thus

Substitute the value of k to first eq.:


LINE THROUGH THE INTERSECTION
OF TWO LINES

 Theorem. If A, B, C, D, E, and F are fixed constants and

  
are the equations of two intersecting lines, the equation

where is a parameter, represents a family of lines passing


through the point of intersection of the given lines.
LINE THROUGH THE INTERSECTION OF TWO
LINES
Example

 Find the equation of the line through the point of intersection of


the lines and , and parallel to the line .

 Solution: The family of lines through the point of intersection of the given lines is:
  

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