Scribd
Upload
38 views21 pages

Minal IPv6

This document provides an overview of IPv6 including: 1) It discusses the limitations of IPv4 addressing and techniques used to extend IPv4 like subnetting, CIDR, and NAT. 2) The key features of IPv6 are described such as its 128-bit addresses, extension headers, and stateless autoconfiguration. 3) The IPv6 header is compared to IPv4 and changes are outlined including expanded address size, removal of fields like checksum, and addition of fields like traffic class.

Uploaded by

deepakrathoremgm
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
38 views21 pages

Minal IPv6

This document provides an overview of IPv6 including: 1) It discusses the limitations of IPv4 addressing and techniques used to extend IPv4 like subnetting, CIDR, and NAT. 2) The key features of IPv6 are described such as its 128-bit addresses, extension headers, and stateless autoconfiguration. 3) The IPv6 header is compared to IPv4 and changes are outlined including expanded address size, removal of fields like checksum, and addition of fields like traffic class.

Uploaded by

deepakrathoremgm
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Introduction to IPv6

Presented by: Deepak Kumar Rathor


Roll No: 0809513020(16)TT-IT
OUTLINES
 IP Network Addressing
 Classful IP addressing
 Techniques to reduce address
shortage in IPv4
 Features of IPv6
 Header Comparisons
 Extension Headers
 Conclusions
IP Network Addressing
 INTERNET  world’s largest public
data network, doubling in size every nine
months
 IPv4, defines a 32-bit address - 232
(4,294,967,296) IPv4 addresses available
 The first problem is concerned with the
eventual depletion of the IP address
space.
 Traditional model of classful addressing
does not allow the address space to be
used to its maximum potential.
Classful Addressing
 When IP was first standardized in Sep
1981, each system attached to the IP
based Internet had to be assigned a
unique 32-bit address
 The 32-bit IP addressing scheme involves
a two level addressing hierarchy

Network Number/Prefix Host Number


Classful Addressing…
 Divided into 5
classes
 Class A 8 bits N/W
id and 24 bits host
id and so on B,C.
 Wastage of IP
addresses by
assigning blocks
of addresses
which fall along
octet boundaries
Techniques to reduce
address shortage in IPv4

 Subnetting
 Classless Inter Domain Routing
(CIDR)
 Network Address Translation (NAT)
Subnetting
 Three-level hierarchy: network, subnet,
and host.
 The extended-network-prefix is
composed of the classful network-prefix
and the subnet-number
 The extended-network-prefix has
traditionally been identified by the
subnet mask

Network-Prefix Subnet-Number Host-Number


Subnetting Example
128.10.1.1
H1 128.10.1.2
H2

Sub-network 128.10.1.0

Internet G
All traffic
to 128.10.0.0
128.10.2.1
H3 128.10.2.2
H4
Net mask 255.255.0.0

Sub-network 128.10.2.0

Subnet mask 255.255.255.0


Classless Inter-Domain
Routing
 Eliminates traditional classful IP
routing.
 Supports the deployment of
arbitrarily sized networks
 Routing information is advertised
with a bit mask/prefix length
specifies the number of leftmost contiguous bits
in the network portion of each routing table entry
 Example: 192.168.0.0/21
CIDR Table Entry…
 Extract the destination IP address.
 Boolean AND the IP address with the
subnet mask for each entry in the
routing table.
 The answer you get after ANDing is
checked with the base address entry
corresponding to the subnet mask
entry with which the destination entry
was Boolean ANDed.
 If a match is obtained the packet is
forwarded to the router with the
corresponding base address
Network Address
Translation
 Each
organization-
single IP address 3 Reserved ranges
 Within 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 (16,777,216 hosts)
organization –
each host with IP 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255/12 (1,048,576
hosts)
unique to the
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255/16 (65,536
orgn., from hosts)

reserved set of IP
addresses
NAT Example
10.0.0.4
C

10.0.0.1

Source Source NAT Router's


Source NAT Router's
Computer's Computer's Assigned
Computer IP Address
IP Address Port Port Number

A 10.0.0.1 400 24.2.249.4 1

B 10.0.0.2 50 24.2.249.4 2

C 10.0.0.3 3750 24.2.249.4 3

D 10.0.0.4 206 24.2.249.4 4


Features of IPv6
 Larger Address Space
 Aggregation-based address hierarchy
– Efficient backbone routing
 Efficient and Extensible IP datagram
 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
 Security (IPsec mandatory)
 Mobility
128-bit IPv6 Address
3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234

8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by “:”


Leading zeros can be removed

3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234

:: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers


Header comparison
0 15 16 31
vers hlen TOS total length Removed (6)
identification flags flag-offset • ID, flags, flag offset
20 TTL protocol header checksum • TOS, hlen
bytes
source address • header checksum
destination address

options and padding


Changed (3)
• total length => payload
IPv4 • protocol => next header
• TTL => hop limit
vers traffic class flow-label
Added (2)
payload length next header hop limit
• traffic class
40
bytes
source address • flow label

destination address
Expanded
• address 32 to 128 bits
IPv6
Major Improvements of
IPv6 Header
 No option field: Replaced by
extension header. Result in a fixed
length, 40-byte IP header.
 No header checksum: Result in fast
processing.
 No fragmentation at intermediate
nodes: Result in fast IP forwarding.
Extension Headers
 Routing – Extended routing, like IPv4
loose list of routers to visit
 Fragmentation – Fragmentation and
reassembly
 Authentication – Integrity and
authentication, security
 Encapsulation – Confidentiality
 Hop-by-Hop Option – Special options that
require hop-by-hop processing
 Destination Options – Optional
information to be examined by the
destination node
Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration
 3 ways to configure network
interfaces: Manually, Stateful,
Stateless
 IPSAA IPv6 addr. Separated into 2 2
parts: network and interface id.
 Link- local addresses: prefix FE80::0
+ interface identifier (EUI-64 format)
 Obtain network id through Router
solicitation (RS)
Conclusion
 IPv6 is NEW …
– built on the experiences learned from IPv4
– new features
– large address space
– new efficient header
– autoconfiguration
 … and OLD
– still IP
– build on a solid base
– started in 1995, a lot of implementations
and tests done
References
 IPng wg:
http://playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html
 NGtrans: http://www.6bone.net/ngtrans
 IPv6 users site: http://www.ipv6.org
 IPv6 Forum: http://www.ipv6forum.com
 Normos (Internet standards):
http://www.normos.org
Any Questions??

You might also like