GSM Vs CDMA Modulation Techniques: by Rohan Vanani (U18EC003) Professor: Dr. Upena Dalal

GSM vs CDMA Modulation
Techniques
By Rohan Vanani [U18EC003]
Professor : Dr. Upena Dalal
GSM Modulation Technique
 The technology behind the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM)
uses Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation.
 GMSK is a variant of Phase Shift Keying (PSK) with Time Division Multiple
Access (TDMA) signalling over Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) carriers.
 One of the problems with standard forms of PSK is that sidebands extend out
from the carrier. To overcome this, MSK and its derivative GMSK can be used.
 Here there are no phase discontinuities because the frequency changes occur
at the carrier zero crossing points. This arises as a result of the unique factor
of MSK that the frequency difference between the logical one and logical zero
states is always equal to half the data rate.
Generating GMSK Modulation
 There are two main ways in which GMSK
modulation can be generated. The most obvious
way is to filter the modulating signal using a
Gaussian filter and then apply this to a
frequency modulator where the modulation
index is set to 0.5. This method is very simple
and straightforward but it has the drawback
that the modulation index must exactly equal
0.5.
 A second method is more widely used. Here
what is known as a quadrature modulator is
used. The quadrature modulator uses one signal
that is said to be in-phase and another that is in
quadrature to this. In view of the in-phase and
quadrature elements this type of modulator is
often said to be an I-Q modulator. This method
it much easier to use, and capable of providing
the required level of performance without the
need for adjustments. For demodulation the
technique can be used in reverse.
Advantages of GMSK Modulation
 The main advantage of GMSK is that it can be amplified by a non-linear
amplifier and remain undistorted This is because there are no elements of the
signal that are carried as amplitude variations and due to that it is immune to
amplitude variation and therefore more resilient to noise
 It has the improved spectral efficiency when compared to other phase shift
keyed modes.
 GMSK, Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying proved to be a particularly successful

form of modulation for GSM and some other radio communications systems.
CDMA Modulation Technique
 CDMA uses spread-spectrum modulation technique. A spread-spectrum technique

spreads the bandwidth of the data uniformly for the same transmitted power.
 Even particularly the most widely used method is Direct-sequence spread

spectrum (DSSS) modulation.
 Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a spread-spectrum modulation technique

primarily used to reduce overall signal interference. The direct-sequence modulation
makes the transmitted signal wider in bandwidth than the information bandwidth.
After the despreading or removal of the direct-sequence modulation in the receiver,
the information bandwidth is restored, while the unintentional and intentional
interference is substantially reduced.
 The power density of Spread Spectrum signals could be lower than the noise density.
This is a wonderful feature that can keep the signals protected and maintain privacy.
So the signals modulated with these techniques are hard to interfere and cannot be
jammed.
 Whenever a user wants to send data using this DSSS technique, each and every
bit of the user data is multiplied by a secret code, called as chipping code. This
chipping code is nothing but the spreading code which is multiplied with the
original message and transmitted. The receiver uses the same code to retrieve
the original message.
 DSSS phase-shifts a sine wave pseudo randomly with a continuous string of chips,
each of which has a much shorter duration than an information bit. That is, each
information bit is modulated by a sequence of much faster chips. Therefore, the
chip rate is much higher than the information bit rate.
 Advantages of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Modulation:-

- Resistance to unintended or intended jamming
- Sharing of a single channel among multiple users
- Reduced signal/background-noise level hampers interception
- Determination of relative timing between transmitter and receiver
GMSK vs DSSS Modulation
 GMSK modulation provides the combination of improved spectral
efficiency and the capability to efficiently use power amplifier.
 On the other hand DSSS modulation give immunity from
unintended or intended jamming, providing better privacy and
security.

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GSM vs CDMA Modulation

 GMSK, Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying proved to be a particularly successful

 CDMA uses spread-spectrum modulation technique. A spread-spectrum technique

 Even particularly the most widely used method is Direct-sequence spread

 Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a spread-spectrum modulation technique

 Advantages of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Modulation:-

 GMSK modulation provides the combination of improved spectral

efficiency and the capability to efficiently use power amplifier.

 On the other hand DSSS modulation give immunity from

unintended or intended jamming, providing better privacy and

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