BASIC INTERNET

TERMINOLOGIES
BY,
KRISHNA DILEEP (19BC158)
 INTERNET
A huge network of computers via which a computer is connected to
another anywhere in the world to exchange all kinds of information.
Its network of networks connected through routers & switches
consisting of millions of private, public, academic, business &
government networks.
For exchange of information, it uses common set of
communication protocols.
Data travels either through high speed, fibre optic cables or
through wireless mediums.
 IP
ADDRESS
 A numerical label assigned
to devices participating in
a computer network which
uses Internet Protocols for
communication.
 Presented in dotted
decimal format.
 "A name indicates what
we seek. An address
indicates where it is. A
route indicates how to get
 Domain name
# ping yahoo.com
IP ADDRESS
PING yahoo.com (98.139.180.149) 56(84) bytes of data

Versions
 IPv4  IPv6

69.89.31.226 2002:4559:1FE2::4559:1FE2

IPv6 Compressed (0000 is not displayed) –

01000101010110010001111111100010 2002:4559:1FE2::4559:1FE2
(or)
01000101.01011001.00011111.11100010 IPv6 Uncompressed (0000 is displayed as 0) –
2002:4559:1FE2:0:0:0:4559:1FE2
IPv6 Fully Uncompressed (0000 is fully displayed) –
2002:4559:1FE2:0000:0000:0000:4559:1FE2
Data Transmission Process MODEM

 An electronic device
which allows computer to
send & receive data
through internet
connection.

 Data travel through wires

 Converts digital signals to

analog signals while
sending information &
 FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONSOF
OFMODEM
MODEM

ERROR
CORRECTION DATA COMPRESSION FLOW CONTROL
Modems check Modems compress data by When slower modem
information received for grouping bits together sends data to faster
damages & correct them. before sending. modem, a special signal to
pause is sent.
Modern modems are In this way, more data is
capable of recovering data transferred in same Thereby, slower modem
damaged while moving amount of time. catches up & data flow is
through telephone lines. controlled.
 TYPES OF MODEM
INTERNAL MODEM EXTERNAL MODEM

 In form of circuit board  Enclosed in separate boxes.

 Can be dial-up & wi-fi.  Attached with wire to computer
 Gets electrical power from via serial port.
motherboard.  Has own power supply.
 Turned off by turning off  Turned off without turning off
computer. computer.
INTELLIGENT STANDARD
MODEMS MODEMS

• Contain internal ROM, coding • Use a standardized set of

& microprocessor chips instructions ‘Hayes
• Performs security check, Command Set’.

• Error detection, • It start with AT

• Digital to analog transmission & • Contains a microprocessor
• Automatic dialing, answering, & depends on keyboard for
disconnecting. controlling functions.
 SHORT HAUL WIRELESS
MODEMS MODEMS

o Transmit signals down the cable. o No use of cables for data

transmission.
o Small sized
o Data travel through air
o Doesnt require external power
source. o Designed to work with cellular
technology & wireless network.
o Serial port gives the power supply.
o Data transmission rate is low &
erroneous.
MEASURING BANDWID
BANDWIDTH
Theoretical maximum TH
Effective bandwidth
Throughput
Goodput
Total transfer method  Volume of data
transmitted from 1
point to other in a
given time.
 Data travels faster
with more
bandwidth.
 Bandwidth is Bps for
digital data & hertz
for analog data.
 Too much
BANDWIDTH bandwidth
ISSUES
Too little
bandwidth
Internet
plan Latency

Router
HOW TO INCREASE
BANDWIDTH?
Wired
HYPERTEXT- A new way of information storage &
retrieval that helps users locate desired information
rapidly.
WEB BROWSER- A client program that navigates
through WWW. Eg:Chrome

WEB SERVER- A WWW server that responds to request

made by web browsers.
WEB CLIENT- A computer connected to internet &
request web server to download webpages.

URL- Indicates location of website user wants to visit.

http:// srcc.edu/ about_college.html

Service Host Name File Path
 BROWSE
FUNCTIONS
RS
•The main function is to retrieve information from the WWW
& making it available for users
•Visiting any website can be done using a web browser.
•To run Java applets and flash content, plugins are available
on the web browser
•It makes Internet surfing easy as once we reach a website
we can easily check the hyperlinks and get more and more
useful data online
•Browsers user internal cache which gets stored and the
user can open the same webpage time and again without • Browsers are
losing extra data special software
•Multiple webpages can be opened at the same time on a
web browser tools loaded on
•Options like back, forward, reload, stop reload, home, etc. computer system to
are available on these web browsers, which make using
them easy and convenient locate, retrieve &
display content on
TYPES OF
BROWSERS

Line Text Graphical Java Enabled

Browser Browsers Browsers
• Capable of • Allows users to • Downloads web
displaying plain display page & Java
text. multimedia files. applets.
• Denotes hyperlink • Popular- Mosaic • Further passed on
in—[15], Web by NCSA to be executed by
page • Eg: Internet Java runtime
• Designed to be Explorer, Safari environment.
platform • Are independent
independent. of content type,
data type etc
WORKING OF PROXY
SERVER PROXY
SERVER
•  A server application or that
acts as an intermediary for
requests
from clients seeking
resources from servers that
provide those resources.
•  A proxy server thus
functions on behalf of the
client when requesting
service, potentially masking
the true origin of the request
to the resource server.
FUNCTIONS OF PROXY SERVER

NETWORKIN
G

ACCESS
CONTROL
ANONYMIT
Y

INTERNATIONAL
PROXIES
GATEWAY
• An interconnected tool
joining 2 or different
networks that use different
communication protocols.
• Conversion of
communication protocols.
• Act as proxy server &
firewall.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAG
ES

GA
SECURIT CONNECTION
FAILURE

TE
Y

W
CONNECTIVIT TROUBLESHOOTI

AY
Y NG

FILTERING CONFIGURATION
PROCESS
HOW ROUTERS WORK? ROUTER
• Network devices to
connect similar
networks.
• Forward packets from
one network to other &
control traffic flow.
• Connected to atleast 2
networks- 2 LANs, 2
WANs or LAN & ISP
• Placed near gateways.
BENEFITS OF
ROUTERS

PERF0MANC
SECURIT E
Y ENHANCEM
ENT

RELIABIL NETWORKI
ITY NG RANGE
 HOW ISPs WORK? IS
P
 Company that provided
internet access to its
customers by directly
connecting them to
internet through wires,
wireless, or fibre optic
connections.
 For both home &
corporate users.
 Connected to internet
through modem
Internet connectivity options from end-user to tier 3/2 ISPs
 INTERNET
TELEPHONY
• Use of public network for
voice calls for long
distances.
• Low cost medium
• Other party need not be
present on internet as he can
be dialed via phone
• Due to heavy traffic quality
not guaranteed.
• Enable users the facility of
data conferencing &
TYPES OF INTERNET TELEPHONY
APPLICATIONS

PC-PC
Calling

PC- PHONE-
PHONE PHONE
Calling Calling
BENEFITS OF INTERNET
TELEPHONY

FULL
SCALABILITY & LOWER COSTS
FLEXIBILITY

FULL
ADVANCED
PORTABILITY &
FEATURES
ACCESSIBILITY
 SEARCH ENGINE

MARKET SHARE

A search engine is a software system that is

designed to carry out web searches(Internet
searches), which means to search the world
wide web in a systematic way for particular
information specified in a textual web search
query
The first internet search engine was Archie Query
Form
THANK YOU
KRISHNA DILEEP

[email protected]