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Summer Internship Program (WEEK 4) : Presented By: Shreya Gaur

This document provides an overview of SQL and PL/SQL during a summer internship program. It discusses the basic Oracle data types, components of SQL like DDL, DML, DCL, and DQL. It describes how to create and drop tables in SQL using DDL commands. It also covers SQL statements like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. The document then discusses SQL constraints and different constraint types. Finally, it provides a brief introduction to PL/SQL, highlighting its features and how to declare variables in PL/SQL.

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Shreya Sharma
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45 views20 pages

Summer Internship Program (WEEK 4) : Presented By: Shreya Gaur

This document provides an overview of SQL and PL/SQL during a summer internship program. It discusses the basic Oracle data types, components of SQL like DDL, DML, DCL, and DQL. It describes how to create and drop tables in SQL using DDL commands. It also covers SQL statements like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. The document then discusses SQL constraints and different constraint types. Finally, it provides a brief introduction to PL/SQL, highlighting its features and how to declare variables in PL/SQL.

Uploaded by

Shreya Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUMMER

INTERNSHIP
PROGRAM
(WEEK 4)
PRESENTED BY :
SHREYA GAUR
SQL
(STRUCTUR
ED QUERY
LANGUAGE)
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Oracle Basic Data Types:

✗ CHAR(size)
✗ VARCHAR(size)/ VARCHAR2(size)
✗ DATE – standard format is DD-MON-YY
✗ NUMBER(P, S)
✗ LONG
✗ RAW/ LONG RAW

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Components of SQL:

✗ DDL – Data Definition Language


✗ DML – Data Manipulation Language
✗ DCL – Data Control Language
✗ DQL – Data Query Language

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✗ DDL – Data Definition Language: It is a set of SQL commands used to
create, modify and delete database structures but not data.
 CREATE
 ALTER
 DROP
 TRUNCATE

Syntax:
CREATE TABLE <table_name>
(<column_name1> <datatype>(<size>), <column_name2> <datatype>(<size>));

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✗DML – Data Manipulation Language
 INSERT
 UPDATE
 DELETE

Syntax:
INSERT INTO <table_name> (<columnname1>, <columnname2>)
VALUES (<expression1>, <expression2>);

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✗ DCL – Data Control Language
 COMMIT
 SAVEPOINT
 ROLLBACK
 GRANT/ REVOKE

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✗DQL – Data Query Language
 SELECT

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Displaying the TABLE Structure

DESCRIBE Command:
✗ Display information about the columns defined in a table

Syntax:
DESCRIBE <table_name>;
OR
DESC <table_name>;

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SQL: SELECT statement – with where
clause
Selected Columns & Selected Rows:
SYNTAX

SELECT <column1>, <column2> FROM table_name WHERE <condition>

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SQL Constraints
✘ SQL constraints are used to specify rules for the data in a table.
✘ Constraints are used to limit the type of data that can go into a table. This ensures
the accuracy and reliability of the data in the table. If there is any violation
between the constraint and the data action, the action is aborted.
✘ Constraints can be column level or table level. Column level constraints apply to a
column, and table level constraints apply to the whole table.

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The Following Constraints Are Commonly
Used In SQL:
✘ NOT NULL
✘ UNIQUE 
✘ PRIMARY KEY
✘ FOREIGN KEY
✘ CHECK
✘ DEFAULT
✘ CREATE INDEX

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Pl/SQL
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PL/SQL is a combination of SQL along with the
procedural features of programming languages. It
was developed by Oracle Corporation in the early
90's to enhance the capabilities of SQL. PL/SQL is
one of three key programming languages embedded
in the Oracle Database, along with SQL itself and
Java. This tutorial will give you great understanding
on PL/SQL to proceed with Oracle database and
other advanced RDBMS concepts

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Features of PL/SQL:

PL/SQL has the following features −


PL/SQL is tightly integrated with SQL.
It offers extensive error checking.
It offers numerous data types.
It offers a variety of programming structures.
It supports structured programming through
functions and procedures.
It supports object-oriented programming.
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How to declare variable in PL/SQL

Following is the syntax for declaring variable:

variable_name [CONSTANT] datatype [NOT NULL] [:= | 
DEFAULT initial_value]

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OUTPUT:
Example of initilizing Value of c: 70  
Value of f: 33.333333333333333333  
variable   
Let's take a simple example to explain it well: PL/SQL procedure successfully comp
leted.
DECLARE  
   a integer := 30;  
   b integer := 40;  
   c integer;  
   f real;  
BEGIN  
   c := a + b;  
   dbms_output.put_line('Value of c: ' || c);  
   f := 100.0/3.0;  
   dbms_output.put_line('Value of f: ' || f);  
END;

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THANKS!

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