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    EOR-1 Fordr Vamsi

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    Nikhil Tomar
    There are three phases in oil field development: primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery. Primary recovery relies on natural reservoir drive mechanisms. Secondary recovery involves injecting gas or water to supplement natural drive when it is insufficient. Tertiary recovery provides additional recovery beyond primary and secondary methods. Enhanced oil recovery aims to increase oil removal from rock pores by improving sweep efficiency, displacement efficiency, and conformity. Common enhanced oil recovery methods include chemical flooding, gas flooding, and thermal processes.

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    EOR-1 Fordr Vamsi

    Uploaded by

    Nikhil Tomar
    33 views21 pages
    There are three phases in oil field development: primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery. Primary recovery relies on natural reservoir drive mechanisms. Secondary recovery involves injecting gas or water to supplement natural drive when it is insufficient. Tertiary recovery provides additional recovery beyond primary and secondary methods. Enhanced oil recovery aims to increase oil removal from rock pores by improving sweep efficiency, displacement efficiency, and conformity. Common enhanced oil recovery methods include chemical flooding, gas flooding, and thermal processes.

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    EOR-1 forDr Vamsi

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    There are three phases in oil field development: primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery. Primary recovery relies on natural reservoir drive mechanisms. Secondary recovery involves injecting gas or water to supplement natural drive when it is insufficient. Tertiary recovery provides additional recovery beyond primary and secondary methods. Enhanced oil recovery aims to increase oil removal from rock pores by improving sweep efficiency, displacement efficiency, and conformity. Common enhanced oil recovery methods include chemical flooding, gas flooding, and thermal processes.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    33 views21 pages

    EOR-1 Fordr Vamsi

    Uploaded by

    Nikhil Tomar
    There are three phases in oil field development: primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery. Primary recovery relies on natural reservoir drive mechanisms. Secondary recovery involves injecting gas or water to supplement natural drive when it is insufficient. Tertiary recovery provides additional recovery beyond primary and secondary methods. Enhanced oil recovery aims to increase oil removal from rock pores by improving sweep efficiency, displacement efficiency, and conformity. Common enhanced oil recovery methods include chemical flooding, gas flooding, and thermal processes.

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    of 21

    Lecture-1

    ENHANCED
    OIL RECOVERY
    Phases in Field
    Development
    Broadly three phases in
    the development of a field.
    The phases are defined as:
    Primary phase
    Secondary phase
    Tertiary phase
    Primary Recovery Phase
    Primary oil recovery phase describes the production of
    hydrocarbons under the natural driving mechanism present in
    the reservoir.
    Secondary Recovery Phase
    Lack of sufficient natural drive needs supplementing
    the natural reservoir energy by introducing some form
    of artificial drive, the most basic method being the
    injection of gas or water.
    Tertiary Recovery Phase
    The tertiary recovery is also a supplementation of
    natural reservoir energy; however it is defined as that
    additional recovery over and above what could be
    recovered from primary and secondary recovery
    methods.
    Recovery Scenario
    EOR CONCEPT

    *TO INCREASE EFFECTIVENESS OF OIL


    REMOVAL FROM PORE OF THE ROCK
    *TO INCREASE THE VOLUME OF ROCK
    CONTACTED BY DISPLACING FLUID.
    *REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE CAPILLARY
    FORCES THAT TRAP THE OIL WITHIN THE
    PORES
    *TO MINIMISE THE EFFECT OF GRAVITY
    FORCES
    *TO REDUCE THE VISCOCITY OF OIL SO AS
    TO IMPROVE THE MOBILITY.
    Recovery Efficiencies
    Reservoir Quality ( Phi, K, continuity)
    Drive Mechanism
    • Depletion
    • Gas Cap Expansion
    • Water Drive
    • Gravity Drainage
    • Combination
    Well spacing
    Time
    Type Of Fluids (Gas, Oil, Heavy Oil, Tar)
    Primary Recovery

    Depletion Drive
    Recovery : 5-30%.
    . Gas Cap Expansion
    Recovery: 20-40%
    WATER DRIVE
    Recovery : 35-75%.
    GRAVITY DRAINAGE
    Recovery: 25-80%
    Reason For Low Oil Production

    • Reservoir Rock proprieties


    (Low K, Heterogeneity, Fracture, Low Pressure etc)

    • Properties of oil
    (High Viscosity, Low API gravity)
    Efficiency :
    Enhanced Oil Recovery Process

    R = E S X E D X EC
    ES : Sweep Efficiency

    ED: Displacement

    Efficiency

    EC: Conformity Factor


    Sweep Efficiency

    Percent area contacted by displacing fluid at its break through


    depends on:
    *Mobility of displacing fluid (Kd / µd )
    *Mobility of displaced fluid (Ko / µo )
    It is represented by Mobility Ratio (M):
    M=(Kd / µd )/(Ko / µo ) = Kd µo / Ko µd or
    =( Kd / Ko) x ( µo / µd )
    The values of M can be >,= or < 1
    These stages are said to be:
    NOT DESIRED,MATCHING and PREFERRED
    OF THE RECOVERY PROCESS
    Distinct Sweep Efficiency
    • Areal Sweep Efficiency
    – It is defined as the fractional area of the field that
    is invaded by an injected fluid. The major factors
    determining areal sweep are fluid mobility, pattern
    type, areal heterogeneity, extent of field
    development, and total volume of fluid injected
    • Volumetric Sweep Efficiency
    – It is defined as the fraction of the volume that is
    contacted by injected fluids and is primarily a
    function of the vertical heterogeneity and
    segregation
    {A-B /A } X100
    HOW TO FIND THE
    LIMIT OF OPTIMAL
    VISCOSITY
    FOR
    INCREASED
    EFFICIENCY
    Displacement Efficiency
    Percent of the oil recovered by
    minimizing the intra molecular forces
    that play a vital role in the recovery
    process:
    1-Geometry of porous media
    Capillary Number (Nc) µw x vw/øσ
    Viscosity Ratio µw/µo
    Bond number ∂w ∂o /ø
    2-Fluid-Fluid properties
    IFT
    Phase behavior
    3-Applied Pressure gradients.
    Efficiency due to conformance
    This depends on Fluid – Rock Properties
    • Wettability
    • Ion Exchange capacity of porous media
    • Capability of adsorption
    • Other lithological parameters
    The value of this factor varies from
    Zero to One
    Types of EOR

    1-Immiscible
    Where the displacing Fluid is not Miscible with the displaced fluid.
    These are Mobility Control Techniques resulting in increase in Sweep
    Efficiency.
    2-Miscible
    Where the displacing Fluid is miscible with displaced fluid which
    results in phase behavior changes and results in increase in
    Displacement Efficiency.
    Methods of EOR
    Chemical Flooding
    Polymer
    ALKALI
    SUFACTANT
    Gas Flooding
    Miscible/Immiscible ( HC Gases, CO2, N2,Flue
    Gases)
    Thermal Process
    Steam Soak (Cyclic/Continuous)
    Hot water
    Combustion
    SCREENING
    CRITERIA
    API GRAVITY RANGE OF OIL
    PREFERRED OIL VISCOSITY RANGES FOR
    ENHANCED RECOVERY METHODS
    PERMEABILITY GUIDES FOR
    ENHANCED RECOVERY METHODS
    DEPTH LIMITATION FOR ENHANCED
    OIL RECOVERY METHODS

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