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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) : By:-Ishan Arora It-A 274019

ATM is a networking technology that uses fixed size packets called cells for fast switching of various traffic types like data, voice, video and images. It requires connections to be established before communication using virtual circuits. Cells consist of a 5 byte header and 48 byte payload. ATM provides guaranteed bandwidth for real-time applications using virtual circuit switching and small, fixed size cells allow for low delay transmission of voice and video. Layers in ATM include the physical layer, ATM layer, ATM adaptation layer and various user and control planes.

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49 views24 pages

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) : By:-Ishan Arora It-A 274019

ATM is a networking technology that uses fixed size packets called cells for fast switching of various traffic types like data, voice, video and images. It requires connections to be established before communication using virtual circuits. Cells consist of a 5 byte header and 48 byte payload. ATM provides guaranteed bandwidth for real-time applications using virtual circuit switching and small, fixed size cells allow for low delay transmission of voice and video. Layers in ATM include the physical layer, ATM layer, ATM adaptation layer and various user and control planes.

Uploaded by

Ishan Arora
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode

(ATM)

By :- Ishan Arora
IT-A
274019
Introduction
• ATM-Asynchronous Transfer Mode

• A low-layer networking technology based on fast


packet-switching of small fixed size packets called cells.

• ATM provides a single transport mechanism for


integrated services traffic: data, voice, video, image,
graphics…
• ATM requires connections to be established before
any communication takes place

• A connection is called a virtual circuit which


could be permanent or switched

• Information to be transmitted is divided into cells


consisting 5 bytes header and 48 bytes user data

• Typical speeds of ATM are 155 and 622 Mbps


ATM’s Key Concepts
• ATM uses Virtual-Circuit Packet Switching

– ATM can reserve capacity for a virtual


circuit. This is useful for voice and video,
which require a minimum level of service

– Overhead for setting up a connection is


expensive if data transmission is short
(e.g., web browsing)
ATM’s Key Concepts
• ATM packets are small and have a fixed size
– Packets in ATM are called cells
– Small packets are good for voice and video
transmissions
Characteristics of ATM
• Point to point technology
• Connection-oriented: an end-to-end
connection (called a virtual channel) must
be set up using a signalling protocol before
any data cells can be sent on that VC
• “Bandwidth on demand”
• Integrated services
ATM Cells
• Why 53 Bytes?
A 48 byte payload was the result of a compromise
between a 32 byte payload and a 64 byte payload
• Advantages
– Low packetization delay for continuous bit
rate applications (video, audio)
– Processing at switches is easier
• Disadvantages
– High overhead (5 Bytes per 48)
– Poor utilization at lower line rates links
ATM Cells
ATM Cells
ATM ARCHITECTURE
• ATM is cell-switched network
• The user access devices , called the
endpoints , are connected through a user-to-
network interface(UNI) to the switches
inside the network.
• The switches are connected through
network-to-network interface(NNIs).
ATM ARCHITECTURE
VIRTUAL CONNECTION
• Connection between two endpoints is
accomplished through Transmission
Paths(TPs), Virtual Paths(VPs) and Virtual
Channels(VCs)
• A Transmission Path(TP) is the physical
connection(wire,cable,satellite) between an
endpoint and a switch or between two
switches.
• A Transmission Path is divided into several
virtual paths.
VIRTUAL CONNECTION
• A Virtual Path(VP) provides a connection
or a set of connections between two
switches.

• Cell Networks are based on Virtual


Channels(VCs).
TP,VPs and VCs
How ATM Works?
• ATM is connection-oriented -- an end-to-end
connection must be established and routing
tables setup prior to cell transmission
• Once a connection is established, the ATM
network will provide end-to-end Quality of
Service (QoS) to the end users
• All traffic, whether voice, video, image, or
data is divided into 53-byte cells and routed in
sequence across the ATM network
How ATM Works?
• Routing information is carried in the header
of each cell
• Routing decisions and switching are
performed by hardware in ATM switches
• Cells are reassembled into voice, video,
image, or data at the destination
ATM Reference Model
ATM Layers and Planes
• ATM is a three dimensional model consisting
of layers and planes

• Physical layer deals with physical media


issues

• ATM layer defines cell format and


connection setup
ATM Layers and Planes

• ATM Adaptation Layer segments and reassembles


upper layer

• User planes deals with data transport,flow and


error control

• Control plane deals with connection management

• The Layer and Plane management deals with


resource management and interlayer coordination
ATM Layer
• The ATM layer provides routing , traffic
management and switching services.

• Multiplex logical channels within a physical channel

• The ATM Layer is responsible for the transport


of 53 byte cells across an ATM network
ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)
• AAL encapsulates user-level data
• Performs segmentation and reassembly of user-
level messages
Layers of ATM
Advantages of ATM
• Better for bursty traffic
• Statistical multiplexing gain
• Better network utilization
• Same mechanism works for all traffic types
• Simple and fast hardware switching
THANK YOU

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